Ivermectin inhibits importin-α/β-dependent nuclear import of viral proteins
67,69,70,76, shows spike-ACE2 disruption at 1nM with microfluidic diffusional sizing
34, binds to glycan sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein preventing interaction with blood and epithelial cells and inhibiting hemagglutination
37,77, shows dose-dependent inhibition of wildtype and omicron variants
32, exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of lung injury
57,62, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 via IMPase inhibition
33, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 induced formation of fibrin clots resistant to degradation
6, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CL
pro50, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RdRp activity
25, may minimize viral myocarditis by inhibiting NF-κB/p65-mediated inflammation in macrophages
56, may be beneficial for COVID-19 ARDS by blocking GSDMD and NET formation
78, may interfere with SARS-CoV-2's immune evasion via ORF8 binding
1, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 by disrupting CD147 interaction
79-82, shows protection against inflammation, cytokine storm, and mortality in an LPS mouse model sharing key pathological features of severe COVID-19
55,83, may be beneficial in severe COVID-19 by binding IGF1 to inhibit the promotion of inflammation, fibrosis, and cell proliferation that leads to lung damage
5, may minimize SARS-CoV-2 induced cardiac damage
36,44, increases Bifidobacteria which play a key role in the immune system
84, has immunomodulatory
47 and anti-inflammatory
66,85 properties, and has an extensive and very positive safety profile
86.