Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
next
study
previous
study
c19ivm.org COVID-19 treatment researchIvermectinIvermectin (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Ivermectin for COVID-19 Treatment: Clinical Response at Quasi-Threshold Doses Via Hypothesized Alleviation of CD147-Mediated Vascular Occlusion

Scheim, D., SSRN, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3636557
Dec 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Ivermectin for COVID-19
4th treatment shown to reduce risk in August 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 105 studies, recognized in 23 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19ivm.org
Review of ivermectin for COVID-19 treatment and a hypothesized mechanism of action. Author proposes that ivermectin's antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 may be mediated by competitive binding to the CD147 receptor, which is densely distributed on red blood cells. This could reduce viral spike protein binding to CD147, hypothesized to cause "catch" and "clump" vascular occlusion that impedes blood flow and underlies key morbidities of COVID-19. Higher doses of ivermectin, up to 10 times the 200 μg/kg used in a clinical study, have been well tolerated and could yield greater clinical benefits. The hypothesized mechanism has a parallel in malaria, where infected red blood cells cause clumps and vascular adhesion that underlie disease severity. The greater incidence of severe malaria and COVID-19 for blood groups A or B vs. O is noted as supporting evidence. Nailfold capillaroscopy is proposed to test the hypothesis by monitoring blood flow in COVID-19 patients before and after ivermectin intake.
Reviews covering ivermectin for COVID-19 include1-45.
Scheim et al., 31 Dec 2020, peer-reviewed, 1 author. Contact: dscheim@alum.mit.edu.
This PaperIvermectinAll
Review and perspective Ivermectin for COVID-19 treatment: clinical response at quasi-threshold doses via hypothesized alleviation of CD147-mediated vascular occlusion
David E Scheim
The worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted clinical testing of existing drugs with indicated activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Among antimalarial drugs of such potential is ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone of Nobel Prize-winning distinction. A retrospective study of 173 COVID-19 patients treated with IVM in four Florida hospitals at a dose of 200 μg/kg yielded a 40% reduction in mortality compared with 107 controls (15.0% vs. 25.2%, p=0.03). Mortality was cut by 52% with IVM for patients having severe pulmonary disease (38.8% vs. 80.7%, p=0.001). Stabilization and then improvement over 1-2 days frequently occurred for patients who had rapidly deteriorating oxygen status. It is proposed that higher doses of IVM could yield sharply greater clinical benefits. In several clinical studies, IVM at doses of up to 2,000 μg/kg, ten times that used in the Florida study, were well tolerated. The potential for major dose-response gains is evaluated based upon studies indicating that IVM shields SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and that this spike protein binds to the CD147 transmembrane receptor as well as to ACE2. The abundant distribution of CD147 on red blood cells (RBCs) suggests a hypothesized "catch" and "clump" framework whereby virally-mediated bindings of RBCs to other RBCs, platelets, white blood cells and capillary walls impede blood flow, which in turn may underlie key morbidities of COVID-19. The proposed catch and clump scenario for COVID-19 has a parallel in malaria, for which CD147 is central to the infectious process. The core morbidity of severe malaria is caused by similar clumps and adhesions to endothelium centering around infected RBCs. These underlie the much greater incidence of severe malaria for blood groups A or B vs. O, caused by adhesive RBC membrane trisaccharides associated with blood groups A and B. COVID-19 is likewise much more prevalent for blood groups A or B vs. O. More generally, hemagglutination, the formation of such RBC-pathogen clusters, is common for enveloped viruses. Under this hypothesized framework, a significantly higher rate of capillary flow in younger people could explain a corresponding decreased severity of COIVD-19. This proposed hypothesis and the associated potential for major IVM dose-response gains could be tested, for example, by monitoring blood flow in COVID-19 patients before and after IVM intake using nailfold capillaroscopy.
References
Ackerstaff, Keunen, Wv, Influence of biological factors on changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in normal ageing: a transcranial Doppler study, Neurological Research
Adams, Kuhnrae, Higgins, Rosetting Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes bind to human brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, demonstrating a dual adhesion phenotype mediated by distinct P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 domains, Infect Immun
Adelusi, Salako, Tissue and blood concentrations of chloroquine following chronic administration in the rat, J Pharm Pharmacol
Agafonov, Aa, Ternovoi, Primary characterization of SARS coronavirus strain Frankfurt 1, Dokl Biol Sci
Aguiar, Tremblay, Mansfield, Gene expression and <em>in situ</em> protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.07.030742.131
Aitken, Alemu, Rogerson, Neutrophils and Malaria, Front Immunol
Alexander, Bockarie, Kastens, Absence of ivermectin-associated excess deaths, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
Andersen, Oloo, Gordon, Successful double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of azithromycin and doxycycline as prophylaxis for malaria in western Kenya, Clin Infect Dis
Andreani, Bidea, Duflot, In vitro testing of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows 1 synergistic effect
Andreani, Bideau, Duflot, In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect, Microbial Pathogenesis
Awadzi, Attah, Addy, The effects of high-dose ivermectin regimens on Onchocerca volvulus in onchocerciasis patients, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Awadzi, Opoku, Addy, The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis. XIX: The clinical and laboratory tolerance of high dose ivermectin, Trop Med Parasitol
Ayerbe, Risco, Ayis, The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19, J Thromb Thrombolysis
Back, Kostova, Klei, RBC Adhesive Capacity Is Essential for Efficient 'Immune Adherence Clearance' and Provide a Generic Target to Deplete Pathogens from Septic Patients, Blood
Backer, Ospina-Tascon, Salgado, Monitoring the microcirculation in the critically ill patient: current methods and future approaches, Intensive Care Med
Badhan, Zakaria, Olafuyi, The Repurposing of Ivermectin for Malaria: A Prospective Pharmacokinetics-Based Virtual Clinical Trials Assessment of Dosing Regimen Options, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Balachandar, Mahalaxmi, Subramaniam, Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients -is it mandatory?, Science of The Total Environment
Ballout, Sviridov, Bukrinsky, The lysosome: A potential juncture between SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and Niemann-Pick disease type C, with therapeutic implications, The FASEB Journal
Baraka, Mahmoud, Marschke, Ivermectin distribution in the plasma and tissues of patients infected with Onchocerca volvulus, Eur J Clin Pharmacol
Beeson, Drew, Boyle, Merozoite surface proteins in red blood cell invasion, immunity and vaccines against malaria, FEMS microbiology reviews
Bian, Zheng, Wei, Meplazumab treats COVID-19 pneumonia: an open-labelled, concurrent controlled add-on clinical trial, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.03.21.20040691.101
Blau, Holmes, Human coronavirus HCoV-229E enters susceptible cells via the endocytic pathway, Adv Exp Med Biol
Blom, Monitoring of Respiration and Circulation
Bourgonje, Abdulle, Timens, Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Journal of Medical Virology
Brian, Hogue, Kienzle, The Coronavirus Hemagglutinin Esterase Glycoprotei
Brocks, Mehvar, Stereoselectivity in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the chiral antimalarial drugs, Clin Pharmacokinet
Browning, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Retinopathy
Burkard, Verheije, Wicht, Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/lysosomal pathway in a proteolysis-dependent manner, PLoS Pathog
Cabrales, Zanini, Meays, Murine cerebral malaria is associated with a vasospasm-like microcirculatory dysfunction, and survival upon rescue treatment is markedly increased by nimodipine, Am J Pathol
Callaway, Cyranoski, Anti-parasite drugs sweep Nobel prize in medicine 2015, Nature
Caly, Druce, Catton, The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, Antiviral Res
Caly, Wagstaff, Jans, Nuclear trafficking of proteins from RNA viruses: potential target for antivirals?, Antiviral Res
Canga, Prieto, Liébana, The Pharmacokinetics and Interactions of Ivermectin in Humans-A Mini-review, The AAPS Journal
Cao, Van Der Ploeg, Plaisier, Ivermectin for the chemotherapy of bancroftian filariasis: a meta-analysis of the effect of single treatment, Trop Med Int Health
Cascella, Rajnik, Cuomo, Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Chaccour, Hammann, Rabinovich, Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission I. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations regarding efficacy and safety, Malaria Journal
Chatre, Roubille, Vernhet, Cardiac Complications Attributed to Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: A Systematic Review of the Literature, Drug Saf
Chen, Hu, Zhang, Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.03.22.20040758
Chojnowski, Felis-Giemza, Olesinska, Capillaroscopy -a role in modern rheumatology, Reumatologia
Chorin, Dai, Shulman, The QT Interval in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.20047050
Costa, Diazgranados, Ivermectin for spasticity in spinal-cord injury, Lancet
Coste, Gauchat, -Fo, Wilson, Unavailability of CD147 leads to selective erythrocyte trapping in the spleen, Blood
Cowman, Berry, Baum, The cellular and molecular basis for malaria parasite invasion of the human red blood cell, The Journal of cell biology
Crosnier, Bustamante, Bartholdson, Basigin is a receptor essential for erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum, Nature
Crump, Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted 'wonder' drug continues to surprise and exceed expectations, J Antibiot
Cserti-Gazdewich, Dhabangi, Musoke, Cytoadherence in paediatric malaria: ABO blood group, CD36, and ICAM1 expression and severe Plasmodium falciparum infection, British Journal of Haematology
Daidoji, Watanabe, Ibrahim, Avian Influenza Virus Infection of Immortalized Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells Depends upon a Delicate Balance between Hemagglutinin Acid Stability and Endosomal pH, J Biol Chem
Daniel, Bickel, Honegger, The contribution of lysosomal trapping in the uptake of desipramine and chloroquine by different tissues, Pharmacol Toxicol
Dayer, Coronavirus, -nCoV) Deactivation via Spike Glycoprotein Shielding by Old Drugs, Bioinformatic Study
Dean, Blood and the cells it contains
Del Giudice, Marty, Gari-Toussaint, Ivermectin in elderly patients, Arch Dermatol
Delvecchio, Higa, Pezzuto, Chloroquine, an Endocytosis Blocking Agent, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Different Cell Models, Viruses
Desruisseaux, Machado, Weiss, Cerebral Malaria: A Vasculopathy, The American Journal of Pathology
Devaux, Rolain, Colson, New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Diez-Silva, Dao, Han, Shape and Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Red Blood Cells in Health and Disease, MRS Bull
Dinenno, Jones, Seals, Limb Blood Flow and Vascular Conductance Are Reduced With Age in Healthy Humans, Circulation
Ding, He, Zhang, Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways, J Pathol
Dolhnikoff, Duarte-Neto, De, Monteiro, Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe COVID-19, J Thromb Haemost
Dondorp, Ince, Charunwatthana, Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, J Infect Dis
Doumbo, Thera, Koné, High levels of Plasmodium falciparum rosetting in all clinical forms of severe malaria in African children, Am J Trop Med Hyg
Ducharme, Farinotti, Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of chloroquine. Focus on recent advancements, Clin Pharmacokinet
Duke, Pacqué, Muñoz, Viability of adult Onchocerca volvulus after six 2-weekly doses of ivermectin, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Edwards, Looareesuwan, Davies, Pharmacokinetics of chloroquine in Thais: plasma and redcell concentrations following an intravenous infusion to healthy subjects and patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria, Br J Clin Pharmacol
Ellinghaus, Degenhardt, Bujanda, Testing the association between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death, New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.20058073.126
Emingil, Atilla, Sorsa, The effect of adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline therapy on GCF EMMPRIN levels in chronic periodontitis, J Periodontol
Fantini, Scala, Chahinian, Structural and molecular modelling studies reveal a new mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 infection, Int J Antimicrob Agents
Feusner, Behrens, Detter, Platelet counts in capillary blood, Am J Clin Pathol
Fink, Porras, Pharmacokinetics of Ivermectin in Animals and Humans
Gattinoni, Chiumello, Caironi, COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes?, Intensive Care Med
Gautret, Lagier, Parola, Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study, Travel Med Infect Dis
Gautret, Lagier, Parola, Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial, International journal of antimicrobial agents
Geleris, Sun, Platt, Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19, New England Journal of Medicine
Gendrot, Andreani, Jardot, In vitro antiviral activity of doxycycline against SARS-CoV-2
Gershon, Kalter, Steinberg, Detection of Antibody to Varicella-Zoster Virus by Immune Adherence Hemagglutination, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Gieschke, Fotteler, Buss, Relationships Between Exposure to Saquinavir Monotherapy and Antiviral Response in HIV-Positive Patients, Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Goa, Mctavish, Clissold, None, Ivermectin. Drugs
Guest, Bond, Cooper, RED BLOOD CELLS: CHANGE IN SHAPE IN CAPILLARIES, Science
Gustafsson, Walker, Alvan, Disposition of chloroquine in man after single intravenous and oral doses, Br J Clin Pharmacol
Guzzo, Furtek, Porras, Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating high doses of ivermectin in healthy adult subjects, J Clin Pharmacol
Haas, Lindemann, Frank, Rapid and preferential sebum secretion of ivermectin: a new factor that may determine drug responsiveness in patients with scabies, Arch Dermatol
Hache, Rolain, Gautret, Combination of hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin as potential treatment for COVID 19 patients: pharmacology, safety profile, drug interactions and management of toxicity
Hamming, Timens, Bulthuis, Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis, J Pathol
Han, Yang, Liu, Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, Clin Chem Lab Med
Hu, Frieman, Insights from nanomedicine into chloroquine efficacy against COVID-19, Nature Nanotechnology
Janas, Przybylski, 14-and 15-membered lactone macrolides and their analogues and hybrids: structure, molecular mechanism of action and biological activity, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Joseph, Knobler, Lublin, Regulation of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the putative adhesion molecule Basigin on murine cerebral endothelial cells by MHV-4 (JHM), Adv Exp Med Biol
Jouffroy, Jost, Prunet, Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients, Critical Care
Juarez, Schcolnik-Cabrera, Dueñas-Gonzalez, The multitargeted drug ivermectin: from an antiparasitic agent to a repositioned cancer drug, Am J Cancer Res
Jötten, Moll, Wahlgren, Blood group and size dependent stability of P. falciparum infected red blood cell aggregates in capillaries, Biomicrofluidics
Kaufmann, Krise, Lysosomal sequestration of amine-containing drugs: analysis and therapeutic implications, J Pharm Sci
Keyaerts, Li, Vijgen, Antiviral activity of chloroquine against human coronavirus OC43 infection in newborn mice, Antimicrob Agents Chemother
Keyaerts, Vijgen, Maes, In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine, Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Khater, Das, Repurposing Ivermectin to inhibit the activity of SARS CoV2 helicase: possible implications for COVID 19 therapeutics, OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/8dseq
Killian, Hemagglutination Assay for Influenza Virus
Kini, Kundu, Infection-Genomics of COVID-19: Are some communities resistant
Klotz, Ogbuokiri, Okonkwo, Ivermectin binds avidly to plasma proteins, Eur J Clin Pharmacol
Kobylinski, Jittamala, Hanboonkunupakarn, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Mosquito-Lethal Effects of Ivermectin in Combination With Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine and Primaquine in Healthy Adult Thai Subjects, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Kono, Tatsumi, Imai, Inhibition of human coronavirus 229E infection in human epithelial lung cells (L132) by chloroquine: involvement of p38 MAPK and ERK, Antiviral Res
Krejza, Mariak, Walecki, Transcranial color Doppler sonography of basal cerebral arteries in 182 healthy subjects: age and sex variability and normal reference values for blood flow parameters, AJR Am J Roentgenol
Krishna, White, Pharmacokinetics of quinine, chloroquine and amodiaquine. Clinical implications, Clin Pharmacokinet
Lakkireddy, Chung, Gopinathannair, Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association
Lambova, Muller-Ladner, Nailfold Capillaroscopy of Fingers and Toes -Variations of Normal, Curr Rheumatol Rev
Lang, Li, Li, Coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase and spike proteins co-evolve for functional balance and optimal virion avidity, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.03.003699.177
Lankas, Gordon, Toxicology
Lawrence, Sodahlon, Ogoussan, Growth, Challenges, and Solutions over 25 Years of Mectizan and the Impact on Onchocerciasis Control, PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Lee, Tannock, Inhibition of endosomal sequestration of basic anticancer drugs: influence on cytotoxicity and tissue penetration, Br J Cancer
Li, Liu, Ge, Scientific research progress of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 in the first five months, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
Li, Lu, Zhang, Clinical observation and management of COVID-19 patients, Emerging Microbes & Infections
Liang, Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment
Looareesuwan, White, Chanthavanich, Cardiovascular toxicity and distribution kinetics of intravenous chloroquine, Br J Clin Pharmacol
Maeda, Seike, Kon, Erythrocyte Aggregation as a Determinant of Blood Flow: Effect of pH, Temperature and Osmotic Pressure
Magagnoli, Narendran, Pereira, Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.20065920
Malleret, Xu, Mohandas, Significant biochemical, biophysical and metabolic diversity in circulating human cord blood reticulocytes, Seminars in Hematology
Manchanda, 16 -Anemias: Red blood cell morphology and approach to diagnosis
Marini, Gattinoni, Management of COVID-19 Respiratory Distress, JAMA
Massey, Jones, Going viral: A brief history of Chilblain-like skin lesions ("COVID toes") amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Seminars in Oncology
Mastrangelo, Pezzullo, Burghgraeve, Ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of flavivirus replication specifically targeting NS3 helicase activity: new prospects for an old drug, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Mcchesney, Fasco, Banks, The metabolism of chloroquine in man during and after repeated oral dosage, J Pharmacol Exp Ther
Mcquaid, Rowe, Rosetting revisited: a critical look at the evidence for host erythrocyte receptors in Plasmodium falciparum rosetting, Parasitology
Million, Gautret, Colson, Clinical Efficacy of Chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 Infection: Comparative meta-analysis between the Big data and the real world, New Microbes and New Infections
Million, Gp, Raoult, The efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in covid-19: a meta-analysis based on the first available reports
Million, Lagier, Gautret, Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France, Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Miyajima, Hirota, Sugioka, Effect of high-fat meal intake on the pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in Japanese patients with scabies, The Journal of Dermatology
Mock, Matthews, Zhu, Red blood cell (RBC) volume can be independently determined in vivo in humans using RBCs labeled at different densities of biotin, Transfusion
Molina, Delaugerre, Goff, No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection
Momekov, Momekova, Ivermectin as a potential COVID-19 treatment from the pharmacokinetic point of view, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.11.20061804
Moxon, Chisala, Wassmer, Persistent endothelial activation and inflammation after Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Malawian children, J Infect Dis
Munoz, Ballester, Antonijoan, Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of fixed-dose ivermectin with an innovative 18mg tablet in healthy adult volunteers, PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Muramatsu, Basigin (CD147), a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein with various binding partners, J Biochem
Navarro, Camprubí, Requena-Méndez, Safety of high-dose ivermectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Negri, Piloto, Morinaga, Heparin therapy improving hypoxia in COVID-19 patients -a case series, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.20067017.113
Nelson, Immune Adherence, Advances in Immunology
Nelson, The immune-adherence phenomenon; a hypothetical role of erythrocytes in defence against bacteria and viruses, Proc R Soc Med
Ochsendorf, Antimalarials, Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
Odièvre, Bony, Benkerrou, Modulation of erythroid adhesion receptor expression by hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell disease, Haematologica
Okonkwo, Ogbuokiri, Ofoegbu, Protein binding and ivermectin estimations in patients with onchocerciasis, Clin Pharmacol Ther
Ouédraogo, Bastiaens, Tiono, Efficacy and safety of the mosquitocidal drug ivermectin to prevent malaria transmission after treatment: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial, Clin Infect Dis
Paljetak, Tomaskovic, Matijasic, Macrolide Hybrid Compounds: Drug Discovery Opportunities in Anti-Infective and Anti-inflammatory Area, Curr Top Med Chem
Pillay, Gene of the month: the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus spike protein, Journal of Clinical Pathology
Qi, Qian, Zhang, Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Radzikowska, Ding, Tan, Distribution of ACE2, CD147, cyclophilins, CD26 and other SARS-CoV-2 associated molecules in human tissues and immune cells in health and disease, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.090332.100
Rainsford, Parke, Clifford-Rashotte, Therapy and pharmacological properties of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases, Inflammopharmacology
Rajter, None
Rajter, Sherman, Fatteh, ICON (Ivermectin in COvid Nineteen) study: Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID19, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.06.06.20124461
Richard-Lenoble, Kombila, Rupp, Ivermectin in loiasis and concomitant O. volvulus and M. perstans infections, Am J Trop Med Hyg
Richardson, Schwartz, Comparison of capillary blood flow in the nailfold circulations of young and elderly men, AGE
Richardson, Shepherd, The cutaneous microcirculation of the forearm in young and old subjects, Microvascular Research
Rosenberg, Dufort, Udo, Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State, JAMA
Rowe, Claessens, Corrigan, Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to human cells: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications, Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
Rowe, Handel, Thera, Blood group O protects against severe <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> malaria through the mechanism of reduced rosetting, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Rowe, Opi, Williams, Blood groups and malaria: fresh insights into pathogenesis and identification of targets for intervention, Curr Opin Hematol
Russier, Yang, Rehg, Molecular requirements for a pandemic influenza virus: An acid-stable hemagglutinin protein, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Ryu, Chapter 4 -Diagnosis and Methods
Sakariassen, Orning, Turitto, The impact of blood shear rate on arterial thrombus formation, Future Sci OA
Sangare, Doumbo, Raoult, Management and Treatment of Human Lice, Biomed Res Int
Savarino, Boelaert, Cassone, Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases?, Lancet Infect Dis
Scheim, Antimalarials for COVID-19 Treatment: Rapid Reversal of Oxygen Status Decline with the Nobel Prize-Honored Macrocyclic Lactone Ivermectin
Schmidt, Bültmann, Fischel, Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) is a novel receptor on platelets, activates platelets, and augments nuclear factor kappaB-dependent inflammation in monocytes, Circ Res
Schmith, Zhou, Lohmer, The Approved Dose of Ivermectin Alone is not the Ideal Dose for the Treatment of COVID-19, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.20073262.119
Scola, None
Scott, Ivermectin Toxicity
Shahid, Nunhuck, None, Physiology. Elsevier Health Sciences
Shen, Rabi, Sedaghat, A Critical Subset Model Provides a Conceptual Basis for the High Antiviral Activity of Major HIV Drugs, Science Translational Medicine
Shindo, Chayama, Mochida, Antiviral activity, dose-response relationship, and safety of entecavir following 24-week oral dosing in nucleoside-naive Japanese adult patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized, double-blind, phase II clinical trial, Hepatology International
Siegel, Liu, Gleicher, THE RED-CELL IMMUNE SYSTEM, The Lancet
Siriwardena, Chapter 1 -Descent into heart and lung failure
Smit, Ochomo, Aljayyoussi, Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Ivermectin for Reducing Malaria Transmission (IVERMAL): Protocol for a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Finding Trial in Western Kenya, JMIR Res Protoc
Sparrow, Healey, Patton, Red blood cell age determines the impact of storage and leukocyte burden on cell adhesion molecules, glycophorin A and the release of annexin V, Transfusion and Apheresis Science
Sung-Sun, Physicians work out treatment guidelines for coronavirus, Korea Biomedical Review
Taoufiq, Gay, Balvanyos, Rho Kinase Inhibition in Severe Malaria: Thwarting Parasite-Induced Collateral Damage to Endothelia, The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Tavakol, Fatemi, Karbalaie, Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Rheumatic Diseases: Which Parameters Should Be Evaluated?, Biomed Res Int
Taylor, White, Antimalarial Drug Toxicity, Drug Safety
Tett, Cutler, Day, A dose-ranging study of the pharmacokinetics of hydroxy-chloroquine following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers, Br J Clin Pharmacol
Tsuchida, The effect of aging and arteriosclerosis on human skin blood flow, J Dermatol Sci
Ulrich, Pillat, CD147 as a Target for COVID-19 Treatment: Suggested Effects of Azithromycin and Stem Cell Engagement, Stem Cell Rev Rep
Van Lookeren Campagne, Verschoor, Pathogen clearance and immune adherence "revisited": Immuno-regulatory roles for CRIg, Seminars in Immunology
Vanachayangkul, Im-Erbsin, Tungtaeng, Safety, pharmacokinetics, and liver-stage Plasmodium cynomolgi effect of high-dose ivermectin and chloroquine in Rhesus Macaques, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.065409
Varga, Flammer, Steiger, Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19, Lancet
Vigan-Womas, Guillotte, Juillerat, Structural basis for the ABO blood-group dependence of Plasmodium falciparum rosetting, PLoS Pathog
Vincent, Bergeron, Benjannet, Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread, Virol J
Von Ungern-Sternberg, Zernecke, Seizer, Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer EMMPRIN (CD147) in Cardiovascular Disease, International journal of molecular sciences
Wadman, Couzin-Frankel, Kaiser, A rampage through the body, Science
Wagstaff, Sivakumaran, Heaton, Ivermectin is a specific inhibitor of importin alpha/betamediated nuclear import able to inhibit replication of HIV-1 and dengue virus, Biochem J
Wang, Chen, Zhou, SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.03.14.988345.138
Wang, Liu, Liu, Effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor doxycycline and CD147 antagonist peptide-9 on gallbladder carcinoma cell lines, Tumour Biol
Wassmer, Grau, Severe malaria: what's new on the pathogenesis front?, Int J Parasitol
White, Watt, Bergqvist, Parenteral chloroquine for treating falciparum malaria, J Infect Dis
Who Director, General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19
Wu, Xu, Chen, Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses, Brain Behav Immun
Wulan, Heydet, Walker, Nucleocytoplasmic transport of nucleocapsid proteins of enveloped RNA viruses, Front Microbiol
Yam, Niang, Madnani, Three Is a Crowd -New Insights into Rosetting in Plasmodium falciparum, Trends Parasitol
Yao, Ye, Zhang, In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Clin Infect Dis
Yoshimura, Kuroda, Kawasaki, Infectious cell entry mechanism of influenza virus, J Virol
Yurchenko, Constant, Bukrinsky, Dealing with the family: CD147 interactions with cyclophilins, Immunology
Zeng, Langereis, Vliet, Structure of coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase offers insight into corona and influenza virus evolution, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Zenonos, Dummler, Müller-Sienerth, Basigin is a druggable target for host-oriented antimalarial interventions, J Exp Med
Zhang, Penninger, Li, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target, Intensive Care Med
Zhang, Yu, Synthesis, biological activities and structure-ac vity rela onships for new avermectin analogues, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Zhang, Zhang, Wu, Disrupting CD147-RAP2 interaction abrogates erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum, Blood
Zhao, Yang, Huang, Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 Susceptibility, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.03.11.20031096.127
Zheng, Zhang, Rosania, Effect of phospholipidosis on the cellular pharmacokinetics of chloroquine, J Pharmacol Exp Ther
Zhou, Yu, Du, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet
Zou, Zou, Han, Hao, Han, Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection, Front Med
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 9]], 'date-time': '2023-09-09T17:46:55Z', 'timestamp': 1694281615634}, 'reference-count': 196, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'DOI': '10.2139/ssrn.3636557', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 7, 3]], 'date-time': '2020-07-03T19:18:14Z', 'timestamp': 1593803894000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 13, 'title': 'Ivermectin for COVID-19 Treatment: Clinical Response at Quasi-Threshold Doses Via Hypothesized ' 'Alleviation of CD147-Mediated Vascular Occlusion', 'prefix': '10.2139', 'author': [{'given': 'David', 'family': 'Scheim', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'F R Ochsendorf', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus', 'DOI': '10.1007/b137847'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': 'ref2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2236', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.026', 'article-title': 'The Repurposing of Ivermectin for Malaria: A Prospective ' 'Pharmacokinetics-Based Virtual Clinical Trials Assessment of Dosing ' 'Regimen Options', 'volume': '107', 'author': 'R Badhan', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences'}, { 'key': 'ref3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104228', 'article-title': 'In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on ' 'SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect', 'volume': '145', 'author': 'J Andreani', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Microbial Pathogenesis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '146', 'DOI': '10.1086/516281', 'article-title': 'Successful double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled field trial ' 'of azithromycin and doxycycline as prophylaxis for malaria in western ' 'Kenya', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'S L Andersen', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': 'ref5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'G Hache', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Combination of hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin as potential ' 'treatment for COVID 19 patients: pharmacology, safety profile, drug ' 'interactions and management of toxicity', 'DOI': '10.1089/mdr.2020.0232'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': 'ref6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '919', 'DOI': '10.2174/1568026616666160927160036', 'article-title': 'Macrolide Hybrid Compounds: Drug Discovery Opportunities in Anti- ' 'Infective and Anti-inflammatory Area', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'H C Paljetak', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Curr Top Med Chem'}, { 'key': 'ref7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'M Gendrot', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'In vitro antiviral activity of doxycycline against SARS-CoV-2', 'DOI': '10.3390/molecules25215064'}, { 'key': 'ref8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787', 'article-title': 'The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARSCoV-2 ' 'in vitro', 'volume': '178', 'author': 'L Caly', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Antiviral Res'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': 'ref9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3416', 'DOI': '10.1128/aac.01509-08', 'article-title': 'Antiviral activity of chloroquine against human coronavirus OC43 ' 'infection in newborn mice', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'E Keyaerts', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '264', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.085', 'article-title': 'In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by ' 'chloroquine', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'E Keyaerts', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Biochem Biophys Res Commun'}, { 'key': 'ref11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1186/1743-422X-2-69', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and ' 'spread', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'M J Vincent', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Virol J'}, { 'key': 'ref12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '193', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4615-1325-4_31', 'article-title': 'Human coronavirus HCoV-229E enters susceptible cells via the endocytic ' 'pathway', 'volume': '494', 'author': 'D M Blau', 'year': '2001', 'journal-title': 'Adv Exp Med Biol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '150', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.10.011', 'article-title': 'Inhibition of human coronavirus 229E infection in human epithelial lung ' 'cells (L132) by chloroquine: involvement of p38 MAPK and ERK', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'M Kono', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'Antiviral Res'}, { 'key': 'ref14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938', 'article-title': 'New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against ' 'coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?', 'author': 'C A Devaux', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': 'ref15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '722', 'DOI': '10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00806-5', 'article-title': "Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's " 'diseases?', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'A Savarino', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': 'ref16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/v8120322', 'article-title': 'an Endocytosis Blocking Agent, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in ' 'Different Cell Models', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'R Delvecchio', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Viruses'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '284', 'DOI': '10.1128/jvi.43.1.284-293.1982', 'article-title': 'Infectious cell entry mechanism of influenza virus', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'A Yoshimura', 'year': '1982', 'journal-title': 'J Virol'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': 'ref18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1884', 'DOI': '10.1093/jac/dks147', 'article-title': 'Ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of flavivirus replication specifically ' 'targeting NS3 helicase activity: new prospects for an old drug', 'volume': '67', 'author': 'E Mastrangelo', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy'}, { 'issue': '15', 'key': 'ref19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1359', 'DOI': '10.2165/00003088-200342150-00004', 'article-title': 'Stereoselectivity in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the ' 'chiral antimalarial drugs', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'D R Brocks', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Clin Pharmacokinet'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '729', 'DOI': '10.1002/jps.20792', 'article-title': 'Lysosomal sequestration of amine-containing drugs: analysis and ' 'therapeutic implications', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'A M Kaufmann', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'J Pharm Sci'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '402', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1600-0773.1995.tb01050.x', 'article-title': 'The contribution of lysosomal trapping in the uptake of desipramine and ' 'chloroquine by different tissues', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'W A Daniel', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacol Toxicol'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '247', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41565-020-0674-9', 'article-title': 'Insights from nanomedicine into chloroquine efficacy against COVID-19', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'T Y Hu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nature Nanotechnology'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': 'ref23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1004502', 'article-title': 'Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/lysosomal pathway in a ' 'proteolysis-dependent manner', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'C Burkard', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Pathog'}, { 'issue': '17', 'key': 'ref24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '10627', 'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.m114.611327', 'article-title': 'Avian Influenza Virus Infection of Immortalized Human Respiratory ' 'Epithelial Cells Depends upon a Delicate Balance between Hemagglutinin ' 'Acid Stability and Endosomal pH', 'volume': '290', 'author': 'T Daidoji', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'J Biol Chem'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1636', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.1524384113', 'article-title': 'Molecular requirements for a pandemic influenza virus: An acid-stable ' 'hemagglutinin protein', 'volume': '113', 'author': 'M Russier', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Proc Natl Acad Sci'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '863', 'DOI': '10.1038/sj.bjc.6603010', 'article-title': 'Inhibition of endosomal sequestration of basic anticancer drugs: ' 'influence on cytotoxicity and tissue penetration', 'volume': '94', 'author': 'C M Lee', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Br J Cancer'}, { 'key': 'ref27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105960', 'article-title': 'Structural and molecular modelling studies reveal a new mechanism of ' 'action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infection', 'author': 'J Fantini', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': 'ref28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '733', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.2042-7158.1982.tb06211.x', 'article-title': 'Tissue and blood concentrations of chloroquine following chronic ' 'administration in the rat', 'volume': '34', 'author': 'S A Adelusi', 'year': '1982', 'journal-title': 'J Pharm Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref29', 'first-page': '323', 'article-title': 'The metabolism of chloroquine in man during and after repeated oral ' 'dosage', 'volume': '158', 'author': 'E W Mcchesney', 'year': '1967', 'journal-title': 'J Pharmacol Exp Ther'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '263', 'DOI': '10.2165/00003088-199630040-00002', 'article-title': 'Pharmacokinetics of quinine, chloroquine and amodiaquine. Clinical ' 'implications', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'S Krishna', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Clin Pharmacokinet'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '471', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01532.x', 'article-title': 'Disposition of chloroquine in man after single intravenous and oral ' 'doses', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'L L Gustafsson', 'year': '1983', 'journal-title': 'Br J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '25', 'DOI': '10.2165/00002018-200427010-00003', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Wrj Taylor', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Antimalarial Drug Toxicity. Drug Safety'}, { 'key': 'ref33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'X Yao', 'journal-title': 'In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design ' 'of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory ' 'Syndrome Coronavirus', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa237'}, { 'key': 'ref34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis', 'DOI': '10.36519/2.1'}, { 'key': 'ref35', 'author': 'J M Molina', 'journal-title': 'No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the ' 'combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with ' 'severe COVID-19 infection. M�decine et Maladies Infectieuses. 2020; Six ' 'of the 11 study subjects had cancer or HIV'}, { 'key': 'ref36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'J Magagnoli', 'journal-title': 'Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans ' 'hospitalized with Covid-19', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.16.20065920'}, { 'key': 'ref37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.8630', 'article-title': 'Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With ' 'In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in', 'author': 'E S Rosenberg', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': 'ref38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/nejmoa2012410', 'article-title': 'Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with ' 'Covid-19', 'author': 'J Geleris', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'New England Journal of Medicine'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '477', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03332.x', 'article-title': 'Pharmacokinetics of chloroquine in Thais: plasma and redcell ' 'concentrations following an intravenous infusion to healthy subjects ' 'and patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'G Edwards', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Br J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '192', 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/155.2.192', 'article-title': 'Parenteral chloroquine for treating falciparum malaria', 'volume': '155', 'author': 'N J White', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '31', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02876.x', 'article-title': 'Cardiovascular toxicity and distribution kinetics of intravenous ' 'chloroquine', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'S Looareesuwan', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'Br J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': 'ref42', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '919', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40264-018-0689-4', 'article-title': 'Cardiac Complications Attributed to Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: ' 'A Systematic Review of the Literature', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'C Chatre', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Drug Saf'}, { 'key': 'ref43', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'E Chorin', 'journal-title': 'The QT Interval in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Treated with ' 'Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.02.20047050'}, { 'key': 'ref44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'D R Lakkireddy', 'journal-title': 'Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology During the Coronavirus ' '(COVID-19) Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; ' 'Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and ' 'the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on ' 'Clinical Cardiology', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.03.028'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref45', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '495', 'DOI': '10.1038/ja.2017.11', 'article-title': "Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted 'wonder' drug continues to surprise " 'and exceed expectations', 'volume': '70', 'author': 'A Crump', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'J Antibiot (Tokyo)'}, { 'issue': '7572', 'key': 'ref46', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '174', 'DOI': '10.1038/nature.2015.18507', 'article-title': 'Anti-parasite drugs sweep Nobel prize in medicine 2015', 'volume': '526', 'author': 'E Callaway', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': 'ref47', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'J C Rajter', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'ICON (Ivermectin in COvid Nineteen) study: Use of Ivermectin is ' 'Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID19. ' 'medRxiv', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.06.06.20124461'}, { 'key': 'ref48', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'J J Rajter', 'year': '2020', 'DOI': '10.1023/b:wire.0000033651.84735.f6'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref49', 'article-title': 'Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Ivermectin for Reducing Malaria ' 'Transmission (IVERMAL): Protocol for a Double-Blind, Randomized, ' 'Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Finding Trial in Western Kenya', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'M R Smit', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'JMIR Res Protoc'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref50', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '480', 'DOI': '10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.480', 'article-title': 'Ivermectin in loiasis and concomitant O. volvulus and M. perstans ' 'infections', 'volume': '39', 'author': 'D Richard-Lenoble', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Am J Trop Med Hyg'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref51', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12936-017-1801-4', 'article-title': 'Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission I. Pharmacokinetic and ' 'pharmacodynamic considerations regarding efficacy and safety', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'C Chaccour', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Malaria Journal'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': 'ref52', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1122', 'DOI': '10.1177/009127002401382731', 'article-title': 'Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating high doses of ' 'ivermectin in healthy adult subjects', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'C A Guzzo', 'year': '2002', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'key': 'ref53', 'first-page': '392', 'author': 'N Ivermectin Scott', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'Small animal critical care medicine'}, { 'key': 'ref54', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'P Vanachayangkul', 'journal-title': 'Safety, pharmacokinetics, and liver-stage Plasmodium cynomolgi effect ' 'of high-dose ivermectin and chloroquine in Rhesus Macaques', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.27.065409'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref55', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '640', 'DOI': '10.2165/00003495-199142040-00007', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'K L Goa', 'year': '1991', 'journal-title': 'Ivermectin. Drugs'}, { 'key': 'ref56', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '113', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4612-3626-9_7', 'volume': '1989', 'author': 'D W Fink', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacokinetics of Ivermectin in Animals and Humans'}, { 'key': 'ref57', 'author': 'G Momekov', 'journal-title': 'Ivermectin as a potential COVID-19 treatment from the pharmacokinetic ' 'point of view'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref58', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '407', 'DOI': '10.1007/s002280050131', 'article-title': 'Ivermectin distribution in the plasma and tissues of patients infected ' 'with Onchocerca volvulus', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'O Z Baraka', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': 'ref59', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1618', 'DOI': '10.1001/archderm.138.12.1618', 'article-title': 'Rapid and preferential sebum secretion of ivermectin: a new factor that ' 'may determine drug responsiveness in patients with scabies', 'volume': '138', 'author': 'N Haas', 'year': '2002', 'journal-title': 'Arch Dermatol'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': 'ref60', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1030', 'DOI': '10.1111/1346-8138.13321', 'article-title': 'Effect of high-fat meal intake on the pharmacokinetic profile of ' 'ivermectin in Japanese patients with scabies', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'A Miyajima', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'The Journal of Dermatology'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref61', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pntd.0006020', 'article-title': 'Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of fixed-dose ivermectin with an ' 'innovative 18mg tablet in healthy adult volunteers', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'J Munoz', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Negl Trop Dis'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref62', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '357', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciu797', 'article-title': 'Efficacy and safety of the mosquitocidal drug ivermectin to prevent ' 'malaria transmission after treatment: a double-blind, randomized, ' 'clinical trial', 'volume': '60', 'author': 'A L Ou�draogo', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref63', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1221', 'DOI': '10.1002/cpt.1716', 'article-title': 'Pharmacokinetics, and Mosquito-Lethal Effects of Ivermectin in ' 'Combination With Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine and Primaquine in ' 'Healthy Adult Thai Subjects', 'volume': '107', 'author': 'K C Kobylinski', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics'}, { 'key': 'ref64', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '89', 'volume': '1989', 'author': 'G R Lankas', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4612-3626-9_6'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref65', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '75', 'DOI': '10.2165/00003088-199937010-00005', 'article-title': 'Relationships Between Exposure to Saquinavir Monotherapy and Antiviral ' 'Response in HIV-Positive Patients', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'R Gieschke', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Clinical Pharmacokinetics'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref66', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12072-009-9135-0', 'article-title': 'Antiviral activity, dose-response relationship, and safety of entecavir ' 'following 24-week oral dosing in nucleoside-naive Japanese adult ' 'patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized, double-blind, phase II ' 'clinical trial', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'M Shindo', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Hepatology International'}, { 'key': 'ref67', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1126/scitranslmed.3002304', 'article-title': 'A Critical Subset Model Provides a Conceptual Basis for the High ' 'Antiviral Activity of Major HIV Drugs', 'author': 'L Shen', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Science Translational Medicine'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref68', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pntd.0003507', 'article-title': 'Growth, Challenges, and Solutions over 25 Years of Mectizan and the ' 'Impact on Onchocerciasis Control', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'J Lawrence', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Negl Trop Dis'}, { 'key': 'ref69', 'article-title': 'Prescription medication for the treatment of scabies', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref70', 'first-page': '131', 'article-title': 'The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis. XIX: The clinical and laboratory ' 'tolerance of high dose ivermectin', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'K Awadzi', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Trop Med Parasitol'}, { 'issue': '8899', 'key': 'ref71', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91625-x', 'article-title': 'Ivermectin for spasticity in spinal-cord injury', 'volume': '343', 'author': 'J L Costa', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref72', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '189', 'DOI': '10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90305-x', 'article-title': 'The effects of high-dose ivermectin regimens on Onchocerca volvulus in ' 'onchocerciasis patients', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'K Awadzi', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref73', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '827', 'DOI': '10.1093/jac/dkz524', 'article-title': 'Safety of high-dose ivermectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '75', 'author': 'M Navarro', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref74', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91035-5', 'article-title': 'Absence of ivermectin-associated excess deaths', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'N D Alexander', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref75', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '351', 'DOI': '10.1001/archderm.135.3.351', 'article-title': 'Ivermectin in elderly patients', 'volume': '135', 'author': 'P Del Giudice', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Arch Dermatol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref76', 'first-page': '317', 'article-title': 'The multitargeted drug ivermectin: from an antiparasitic agent to a ' 'repositioned cancer drug', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'M Juarez', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Am J Cancer Res'}, { 'issue': '820', 'key': 'ref77', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '30357', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031', 'article-title': 'Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other ' 'coronaviruses', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'Y Wu', 'journal-title': 'Brain Behav Immun'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref78', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '622', 'DOI': '10.1002/path.1560', 'article-title': 'Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ' 'associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for ' 'pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways', 'volume': '203', 'author': 'Y Ding', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'J Pathol'}, { 'key': 'ref79', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1054', 'DOI': '10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3', 'article-title': 'Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with ' 'COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'F Zhou', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': 'ref80', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '6558', 'DOI': '10.1111/jcmm.15364', 'article-title': 'Scientific research progress of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 in the first five ' 'months', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'H Li', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref81', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '631', 'DOI': '10.1002/path.1570', 'article-title': 'Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS ' 'coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis', 'volume': '203', 'author': 'I Hamming', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'J Pathol'}, { 'key': 'ref82', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'U Radzikowska', 'journal-title': 'Distribution of ACE2, CD147, cyclophilins, CD26 and other SARS-CoV-2 ' 'associated molecules in human tissues and immune cells in health and ' 'disease', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.05.14.090332'}, { 'key': 'ref83', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'H Bian', 'journal-title': 'Meplazumab treats COVID-19 pneumonia: an open-labelled, concurrent ' 'controlled add-on clinical trial', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.03.21.20040691'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref84', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '301', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02316.x', 'article-title': 'Dealing with the family: CD147 interactions with cyclophilins', 'volume': '117', 'author': 'V Yurchenko', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Immunology'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref85', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '481', 'DOI': '10.1093/jb/mvv127', 'article-title': 'Basigin (CD147), a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein with ' 'various binding partners', 'volume': '159', 'author': 'T Muramatsu', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'J Biochem'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref86', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '586', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-020-05985-9', 'article-title': 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: ' 'molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'H Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'}, { 'key': 'ref87', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/path.5471', 'article-title': 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and pathophysiology ' 'of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)', 'author': 'A R Bourgonje', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Pathol'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref88', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '552', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25728', 'article-title': 'The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the ' 'respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'Y-C Li', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Medical Virology'}, { 'issue': '6489', 'key': 'ref89', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '356', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.368.6489.356', 'article-title': 'A rampage through the body', 'volume': '368', 'author': 'M Wadman', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref90', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '687', 'DOI': '10.1080/22221751.2020.1741327', 'article-title': 'Clinical observation and management of COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'T Li', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Emerging Microbes & Infections'}, { 'key': 'ref91', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139021', 'volume': '729', 'author': 'V Balachandar', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients - is it mandatory? ' 'Science of The Total Environment'}, { 'issue': '6490', 'key': 'ref92', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '455', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.368.6490.455', 'article-title': "The mystery of the pandemic's 'happy hypoxia'", 'volume': '368', 'author': 'J Couzin-Frankel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'key': 'ref93', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'L Gattinoni', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different ' 'phenotypes? Intensive Care Med', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-020-06033-2'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref94', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-020-03036-9', 'article-title': 'Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent ' 'hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'R Jouffroy', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Critical Care'}, { 'key': 'ref95', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'E M Negri', 'journal-title': 'Heparin therapy improving hypoxia in COVID-19 patients - a case series', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.15.20067017'}, { 'key': 'ref96', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1417', 'DOI': '10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30937-5', 'article-title': 'Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Z Varga', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': 'ref97', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1515/cclm-2020-0188', 'article-title': 'Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infection', 'author': 'H Han', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Chem Lab Med'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref98', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1517', 'DOI': '10.1111/jth.14844', 'article-title': 'Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'M Dolhnikoff', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Haemost'}, { 'key': 'ref99', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.6825', 'article-title': 'Management of COVID-19 Respiratory Distress', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'J J Marini', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref100', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '202', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.06.008', 'article-title': 'Nuclear trafficking of proteins from RNA viruses: potential target for ' 'antivirals?', 'volume': '95', 'author': 'L Caly', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Antiviral Res'}, { 'key': 'ref101', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'V D Schmith', 'journal-title': 'The Approved Dose of Ivermectin Alone is not the Ideal Dose for the ' 'Treatment of COVID-19', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.21.20073262'}, { 'key': 'ref102', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2015.00553', 'article-title': 'Nucleocytoplasmic transport of nucleocapsid proteins of enveloped RNA ' 'viruses', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'W N Wulan', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Front Microbiol'}, { 'key': 'ref103', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'S Khater', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Repurposing Ivermectin to inhibit the activity of SARS CoV2 helicase: ' 'possible implications for COVID 19 therapeutics', 'DOI': '10.31219/osf.io/8dseq'}, { 'key': 'ref104', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'M Dayer', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': '2019-nCoV) Deactivation via Spike Glycoprotein Shielding by Old Drugs', 'DOI': '10.20944/preprints202005.0020.v1'}, { 'key': 'ref105', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11239-020-02162-z', 'article-title': 'The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients ' 'with Covid-19', 'author': 'L Ayerbe', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Thrombolysis'}, { 'key': 'ref106', 'article-title': 'Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'M Cascella', 'journal-title': 'In: StatPearls. Treasure Island'}, { 'key': 'ref107', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/nejmoa2020283', 'article-title': 'Genomewide Association Study of Severe Covid-19 with Respiratory ' 'Failure', 'author': 'D Ellinghaus', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'New England Journal of Medicine'}, { 'key': 'ref108', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'M Zietz', 'journal-title': 'Testing the association between blood type and COVID-19 infection, ' 'intubation, and death', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.08.20058073'}, { 'key': 'ref109', 'author': 'J Zhao', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 ' 'Susceptibility'}, { 'key': 'ref110', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'J A Blom', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Monitoring of Respiration and Circulation', 'DOI': '10.1201/9780203503287'}, { 'key': 'ref111', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'B', 'year': '2020', 'DOI': '10.32388/bz83sn'}, { 'key': 'ref112', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12015-020-09976-7', 'article-title': 'CD147 as a Target for COVID-19 Treatment: Suggested Effects of ' 'Azithromycin and Stem Cell Engagement', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'H Ulrich', 'journal-title': 'Stem Cell Rev Rep'}, { 'key': 'ref113', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'J A Aguiar', 'journal-title': 'Gene expression and <em>in situ</em> protein profiling of candidate ' 'SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.07.030742'}, { 'key': 'ref114', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '502', 'DOI': '10.3324/haematol.12070', 'article-title': 'Modulation of erythroid adhesion receptor expression by hydroxyurea in ' 'children with sickle cell disease', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'M-H Odi�vre', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'Haematologica'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref115', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '961', 'DOI': '10.1083/jcb.201206112', 'article-title': 'The cellular and molecular basis for malaria parasite invasion of the ' 'human red blood cell', 'volume': '198', 'author': 'A F Cowman', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'The Journal of cell biology'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref116', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '343', 'DOI': '10.1093/femsre/fuw001', 'article-title': 'Merozoite surface proteins in red blood cell invasion, immunity and ' 'vaccines against malaria', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'J G Beeson', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'FEMS microbiology reviews'}, { 'issue': '7378', 'key': 'ref117', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '534', 'DOI': '10.1038/nature10606', 'article-title': 'Basigin is a receptor essential for erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium ' 'falciparum', 'volume': '480', 'author': 'C Crosnier', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': 'ref118', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1145', 'DOI': '10.1084/jem.20150032', 'article-title': 'Basigin is a druggable target for host-oriented antimalarial ' 'interventions', 'volume': '212', 'author': 'Z A Zenonos', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'J Exp Med'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': 'ref119', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1111', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood-2017-08-802918', 'article-title': 'Disrupting CD147-RAP2 interaction abrogates erythrocyte invasion by ' 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'volume': '131', 'author': 'M Y Zhang', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'key': 'ref120', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'K Wang', 'journal-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.03.14.988345'}, { 'key': 'ref121', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'R Kini', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Infection-Genomics of COVID-19: Are some communities resistant?', 'DOI': '10.20944/preprints202004.0310.v2'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref122', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '135', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.044', 'article-title': 'Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and ' 'receptors of human coronaviruses', 'volume': '526', 'author': 'F Qi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref123', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '185', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0', 'article-title': 'Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression ' 'reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to ' '2019-nCoV infection', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Xin Zou', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front Med'}, { 'key': 'ref124', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '251', 'DOI': '10.1016/b978-0-323-53045-3.00025-8', 'article-title': '16 - Anemias: Red blood cell morphology and approach to diagnosis', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'N Manchanda', 'journal-title': "Rodak's Hematology"}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref125', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '15', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.transci.2005.09.006', 'article-title': 'Red blood cell age determines the impact of storage and leukocyte ' 'burden on cell adhesion molecules, glycophorin A and the release of ' 'annexin V', 'volume': '34', 'author': 'R L Sparrow', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Transfusion and Apheresis Science'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': 'ref126', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0076062', 'article-title': 'Significant biochemical, biophysical and metabolic diversity in ' 'circulating human cord blood reticulocytes', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'B Malleret', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'PloS one'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '130', 'DOI': '10.1016/s0037-1963(00)90038-6', 'article-title': 'Red blood cell surface adhesion molecules: Their possible roles in ' 'normal human physiology and disease', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'M J Telen', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Seminars in Hematology'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': 'ref128', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3984', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood.v97.12.3984', 'article-title': 'Unavailability of CD147 leads to selective erythrocyte trapping in the ' 'spleen', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'I Coste', 'year': '2001', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'issue': '22', 'key': 'ref129', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood.V128.22.1031.1031', 'article-title': "RBC Adhesive Capacity Is Essential for Efficient 'Immune Adherence " "Clearance' and Provide a Generic Target to Deplete Pathogens from " 'Septic Patients', 'volume': '128', 'author': 'De Back', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'key': 'ref130', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2020', 'DOI': '10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206658', 'article-title': 'Gene of the month: the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus spike ' 'protein', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'T S Pillay', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Clinical Pathology'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref131', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '382', 'DOI': '10.1557/mrs2010.571', 'article-title': 'Shape and Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Red Blood Cells in ' 'Health and Disease', 'volume': '35', 'author': 'M Diez-Silva', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'MRS Bull'}, { 'issue': '3597', 'key': 'ref132', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1319', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.142.3597.1319', 'volume': '142', 'author': 'M M Guest', 'year': '1963', 'journal-title': 'BLOOD CELLS: CHANGE IN SHAPE IN CAPILLARIES. Science'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref133', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms19020507', 'article-title': 'Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer EMMPRIN (CD147) in ' 'Cardiovascular Disease', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Sni Von Ungern-Sternberg', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'International journal of molecular sciences'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref134', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '302', 'DOI': '10.1161/circresaha.107.157990', 'article-title': 'Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) is a novel ' 'receptor on platelets, activates platelets, and augments nuclear factor ' 'kappaB-dependent inflammation in monocytes', 'volume': '102', 'author': 'R Schmidt', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'Circ Res'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref135', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '148', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02770.x', 'article-title': 'Red blood cell (RBC) volume can be independently determined in vivo in ' 'humans using RBCs labeled at different densities of biotin', 'volume': '51', 'author': 'D M Mock', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Transfusion'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref136', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '410', 'DOI': '10.1093/ajcp/72.3.410', 'article-title': 'Platelet counts in capillary blood', 'volume': '72', 'author': 'J H Feusner', 'year': '1979', 'journal-title': 'Am J Clin Pathol'}, { 'key': 'ref137', 'author': 'M Shahid', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'Physiology. Elsevier Health Sciences'}, { 'key': 'ref138', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3', 'DOI': '10.1016/b978-0-12-810491-0.00001-1', 'article-title': 'Chapter 1 - Descent into heart and lung failure', 'volume': '2018', 'author': 'M Siriwardena', 'journal-title': 'Mechanical Circulatory and Respiratory Support'}, { 'key': 'ref139', 'journal-title': 'This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed'}, { 'key': 'ref140', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '563', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4615-9510-6_68', 'article-title': 'Erythrocyte Aggregation as a Determinant of Blood Flow: Effect of pH, ' 'Temperature and Osmotic Pressure', 'volume': '1988', 'author': 'N Maeda', 'journal-title': 'Oxygen Transport to Tissue X'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref141', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.4155/fso.15.28', 'article-title': 'The impact of blood shear rate on arterial thrombus formation', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'K S Sakariassen', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Future Sci OA'}, { 'key': 'ref142', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'D Scheim', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Antimalarials for COVID-19 Treatment: Rapid Reversal of Oxygen Status ' 'Decline with the Nobel Prize-Honored Macrocyclic Lactone Ivermectin', 'DOI': '10.2139/ssrn.3617911'}, { 'key': 'ref143', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1017/s1462399409001082', 'article-title': 'Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to human cells: ' 'molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'J A Rowe', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': 'ref144', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1062', 'DOI': '10.1086/528988', 'article-title': 'Rho Kinase Inhibition in Severe Malaria: Thwarting Parasite-Induced ' 'Collateral Damage to Endothelia', 'volume': '197', 'author': 'Z Taoufiq', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'The Journal of Infectious Diseases'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref145', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1017/s0031182019001288', 'article-title': 'Rosetting revisited: a critical look at the evidence for host ' 'erythrocyte receptors in Plasmodium falciparum rosetting', 'volume': '147', 'author': 'F Mcquaid', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Parasitology'}, { 'issue': '2-3', 'key': 'ref146', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '145', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.08.002', 'article-title': "Severe malaria: what's new on the pathogenesis front?", 'volume': '47', 'author': 'S C Wassmer', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Int J Parasitol'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref147', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '987', 'DOI': '10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0406', 'article-title': 'High levels of Plasmodium falciparum rosetting in all clinical forms of ' 'severe malaria in African children', 'volume': '81', 'author': 'O K Doumbo', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Am J Trop Med Hyg'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref148', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '949', 'DOI': '10.1128/iai.01233-13', 'article-title': 'Rosetting Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes bind to human ' 'brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, demonstrating a dual ' 'adhesion phenotype mediated by distinct P. falciparum erythrocyte ' 'membrane protein 1 domains', 'volume': '82', 'author': 'Y Adams', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Infect Immun'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref149', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '309', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.pt.2016.12.012', 'article-title': 'Three Is a Crowd - New Insights into Rosetting in Plasmodium falciparum', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'X Y Yam', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Trends Parasitol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref150', 'first-page': '55', 'article-title': 'The immune-adherence phenomenon; a hypothetical role of erythrocytes in ' 'defence against bacteria and viruses', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'R A Nelson', 'year': '1956', 'journal-title': 'Proc R Soc Med'}, { 'key': 'ref151', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '131', 'DOI': '10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60812-3', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'D S Nelson', 'journal-title': 'Advances in Immunology'}, { 'issue': '8246', 'key': 'ref152', 'first-page': '4', 'article-title': '169. van Lookeren Campagne M, Verschoor A. Pathogen clearance and ' 'immune adherence "revisited": Immuno-regulatory roles for CRIg', 'volume': '318', 'author': 'I Siegel', 'year': '1981', 'journal-title': 'Seminars in Immunology'}, { 'key': 'ref153', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '47', 'DOI': '10.1016/b978-0-12-800838-6.00004-7', 'volume': '2017', 'author': 'W-S Ryu', 'journal-title': 'Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref154', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '762', 'DOI': '10.3181/00379727-151-39302', 'article-title': 'Detection of Antibody to Varicella-Zoster Virus by Immune Adherence ' 'Hemagglutination', 'volume': '151', 'author': 'A A Gershon', 'year': '1976', 'journal-title': 'Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine'}, { 'key': 'ref155', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_1', 'volume': '2014', 'author': 'M L Killian', 'journal-title': 'Hemagglutination Assay for Influenza Virus'}, { 'key': 'ref156', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4899-1531-3_8', 'article-title': 'The Coronavirus Hemagglutinin Esterase Glycoprotei', 'author': 'D A Brian', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'The Coronaviridae. The Viruses'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref157', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '58', 'DOI': '10.1023/b:dobs.0000017131.06970.74', 'article-title': 'Primary characterization of SARS coronavirus strain Frankfurt 1', 'volume': '394', 'author': 'A P Agafonov', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Dokl Biol Sci'}, { 'key': 'ref158', 'journal-title': 'This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed'}, { 'issue': '26', 'key': 'ref159', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '9065', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.0800502105', 'article-title': 'Structure of coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase offers insight into ' 'corona and influenza virus evolution', 'volume': '105', 'author': 'Q Zeng', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ' 'America'}, { 'key': 'ref160', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'Y Lang', 'journal-title': 'Coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase and spike proteins co-evolve for ' 'functional balance and optimal virion avidity', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.03.003699'}, { 'key': 'ref161', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2018.03005', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'E H Aitken', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Neutrophils and Malaria. Front Immunol'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref162', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '610', 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jit419', 'article-title': 'Persistent endothelial activation and inflammation after Plasmodium ' 'falciparum Infection in Malawian children', 'volume': '209', 'author': 'C A Moxon', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'}, { 'key': 'ref163', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '389', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4615-2996-5_60', 'article-title': 'Regulation of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ' '(ICAM-1) and the putative adhesion molecule Basigin on murine cerebral ' 'endothelial cells by MHV-4 (JHM)', 'volume': '342', 'author': 'J Joseph', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Adv Exp Med Biol'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref164', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1007/bf02432074', 'article-title': 'Comparison of capillary blood flow in the nailfold circulations of ' 'young and elderly men', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'D Richardson', 'year': '1985', 'journal-title': 'AGE'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref165', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '84', 'DOI': '10.1016/0026-2862(91)90010-9', 'article-title': 'The cutaneous microcirculation of the forearm in young and old subjects', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'D Richardson', 'year': '1991', 'journal-title': 'Microvascular Research'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref166', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '175', 'DOI': '10.1016/0923-1811(93)90764-g', 'article-title': 'The effect of aging and arteriosclerosis on human skin blood flow', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Y Tsuchida', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'J Dermatol Sci'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref167', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '164', 'DOI': '10.1161/01.cir.100.2.164', 'article-title': 'Limb Blood Flow and Vascular Conductance Are Reduced With Age in ' 'Healthy Humans', 'volume': '100', 'author': 'F A Dinenno', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Circulation'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref168', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '213', 'DOI': '10.2214/ajr.172.1.9888770', 'article-title': 'Transcranial color Doppler sonography of basal cerebral arteries in 182 ' 'healthy subjects: age and sex variability and normal reference values ' 'for blood flow parameters', 'volume': '172', 'author': 'J Krejza', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'AJR Am J Roentgenol'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref169', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '187', 'DOI': '10.1080/01616412.1990.11739941', 'article-title': 'Influence of biological factors on changes in mean cerebral blood flow ' 'velocity in normal ageing: a transcranial Doppler study', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Rga Ackerstaff', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Neurological Research'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref170', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '480', 'DOI': '10.1097/moh.0b013e3283313de0', 'article-title': 'Blood groups and malaria: fresh insights into pathogenesis and ' 'identification of targets for intervention', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'J A Rowe', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Curr Opin Hematol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref171', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '223', 'DOI': '10.1111/bjh.12014', 'article-title': 'Cytoadherence in paediatric malaria: ABO blood group, CD36, and ICAM1 ' 'expression and severe Plasmodium falciparum infection', 'volume': '159', 'author': 'C M Cserti-Gazdewich', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'British Journal of Haematology'}, { 'issue': '44', 'key': 'ref172', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '17471', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.0705390104', 'article-title': 'Blood group O protects against severe <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> ' 'malaria through the mechanism of reduced rosetting', 'volume': '104', 'author': 'J A Rowe', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref173', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1063/1.5125038', 'article-title': 'Blood group and size dependent stability of P. falciparum infected red ' 'blood cell aggregates in capillaries', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'A M J�tten', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Biomicrofluidics'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': 'ref174', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1002781', 'article-title': 'Structural basis for the ABO blood-group dependence of Plasmodium ' 'falciparum rosetting', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'I Vigan-Womas', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Pathog'}, { 'key': 'ref175', 'article-title': 'Going viral: A brief history of Chilblain-like skin lesions', 'author': 'P R Massey', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Seminars in Oncology'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref176', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1075', 'DOI': '10.2353/ajpath.2010.091090', 'article-title': 'Cerebral Malaria: A Vasculopathy', 'volume': '176', 'author': 'M S Desruisseaux', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'The American Journal of Pathology'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': 'ref177', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '661', 'DOI': '10.4161/viru.26802', 'article-title': 'Looking through a cranial window', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'J C Volz', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Virulence'}, { 'key': 'ref178', 'journal-title': 'This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref179', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1306', 'DOI': '10.2353/ajpath.2010.090691', 'article-title': 'Murine cerebral malaria is associated with a vasospasm-like ' 'microcirculatory dysfunction, and survival upon rescue treatment is ' 'markedly increased by nimodipine', 'volume': '176', 'author': 'P Cabrales', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Am J Pathol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref180', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '79', 'DOI': '10.1086/523762', 'article-title': 'Direct in vivo assessment of microcirculatory dysfunction in severe ' 'falciparum malaria', 'volume': '197', 'author': 'A M Dondorp', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'}, { 'key': 'ref181', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1545', 'DOI': '10.3410/f.731220250.793569875', 'article-title': 'Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived ' 'with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic ' 'analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study', 'volume': '388', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref182', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '393', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-3156.1997.tb00157.x', 'article-title': 'Ivermectin for the chemotherapy of bancroftian filariasis: a ' 'meta-analysis of the effect of single treatment', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'W C Cao', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'Trop Med Int Health'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref183', 'first-page': '163', 'article-title': 'Viability of adult Onchocerca volvulus after six 2-weekly doses of ' 'ivermectin', 'volume': '69', 'author': 'B O Duke', 'year': '1991', 'journal-title': 'Bulletin of the World Health Organization'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref184', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '42', 'DOI': '10.1208/s12248-007-9000-9', 'article-title': 'The Pharmacokinetics and Interactions of Ivermectin in Humans-A ' 'Mini-review', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Gonz�lez Canga', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'The AAPS Journal'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'ref185', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '607', 'DOI': '10.1007/BF00316107', 'article-title': 'Ivermectin binds avidly to plasma proteins', 'volume': '39', 'author': 'U Klotz', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref186', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '426', 'DOI': '10.1038/clpt.1993.46', 'article-title': 'Protein binding and ivermectin estimations in patients with ' 'onchocerciasis', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'P O Okonkwo', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Clin Pharmacol Ther'}, { 'key': 'ref187', 'article-title': 'Blood and the cells it contains', 'author': 'L Dean', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)'}, { 'key': 'ref188', 'article-title': 'Management and Treatment of Human Lice', 'author': 'A K Sangare', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Biomed Res Int'}, { 'key': 'ref189', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '422', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.056', 'article-title': 'Synthesis, biological activities and structure?acvity relaonships for ' 'new avermectin analogues', 'volume': '121', 'author': 'J Zhang', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry'}, { 'key': 'ref190', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111662', 'article-title': '14- and 15-membered lactone macrolides and their analogues and hybrids: ' 'structure, molecular mechanism of action and biological activity', 'volume': '182', 'author': 'A Janas', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': 'ref191', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1177/1010428317718192', 'article-title': 'Effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor doxycycline and CD147 ' 'antagonist peptide-9 on gallbladder carcinoma cell lines', 'volume': '39', 'author': 'S Wang', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Tumour Biol'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref192', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '469', 'DOI': '10.1902/jop.2008.070165', 'article-title': 'The effect of adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline therapy on ' 'GCF EMMPRIN levels in chronic periodontitis', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'G Emingil', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'J Periodontol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref193', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '67', 'DOI': '10.5114/reum.2016.60215', 'article-title': 'Capillaroscopy - a role in modern rheumatology', 'volume': '54', 'author': 'M M Chojnowski', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Reumatologia'}, { 'key': 'ref194', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1155/2015/974530', 'article-title': 'Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Rheumatic Diseases: Which Parameters Should ' 'Be Evaluated?', 'author': 'Etehad Tavakol', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Biomed Res Int'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': 'ref195', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1813', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-010-2005-3', 'article-title': 'Monitoring the microcirculation in the critically ill patient: current ' 'methods and future approaches', 'volume': '36', 'author': 'De Backer', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref196', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '28', 'DOI': '10.2174/1573397113666170726120344', 'article-title': 'Nailfold Capillaroscopy of Fingers and Toes - Variations of Normal', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'S N Lambova', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Curr Rheumatol Rev'}], 'container-title': 'SSRN Electronic Journal', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 17]], 'date-time': '2021-03-17T21:09:05Z', 'timestamp': 1616015345000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3636557'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020]]}, 'references-count': 196, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3636557', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1556-5068'], 'subject': [], 'published-other': {'date-parts': [[2020]]}, 'container-title-short': 'SSRN Journal', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020]]}}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit