Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 13]], 'date-time': '2024-05-13T13:24:40Z', 'timestamp': 1715606680287}, 'reference-count': 45, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '9', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 6, 12]], 'date-time': '2020-06-12T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1591920000000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springer.com/tdm'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 6, 12]], 'date-time': '2020-06-12T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1591920000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springer.com/tdm'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 9]]}, 'DOI': '10.1038/s41429-020-0336-z', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 6, 12]], 'date-time': '2020-06-12T09:04:12Z', 'timestamp': 1591952652000}, 'page': '593-602', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 225, 'title': 'Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '73', 'author': [ {'given': 'Fatemeh', 'family': 'Heidary', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Reza', 'family': 'Gharebaghi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 6, 12]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '336_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '13', 'DOI': '10.2183/pjab.87.13', 'volume': '87', 'author': 'A Crump', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Crump A, Ōmura S. Ivermectin, ‘wonder drug’ from Japan: the human use ' 'perspective. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2011;87:13–28. ' 'https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.87.13.', 'journal-title': 'Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci.'}, { 'key': '336_CR2', 'first-page': '325', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'LH Kircik', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Kircik LH, Del Rosso JQ, Layton AM, Schauber J. Over 25 years of ' 'clinical experience with ivermectin: an overview of safety for an ' 'increasing number of indications. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15:325–32.', 'journal-title': 'J Drugs Dermatol'}, { 'key': '336_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '42', 'DOI': '10.1208/s12248-007-9000-9.', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'A Gonzalez Canga', 'year': '2008', 'unstructured': 'Gonzalez Canga A, Sahagun Prieto AM, Diez Liebana MJ, Fernandez Martinez ' 'N, Sierra Vega M, Garcia Vieitez JJ. The pharmacokinetics and ' 'interactions of ivermectin in humans–a mini-review. AAPS J. ' '2008;10:42–6. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-007-9000-9.', 'journal-title': 'AAPS J.'}, { 'key': '336_CR4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '463', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.004.', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'R Laing', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Laing R, Gillan V, Devaney E. Ivermectin—old drug, new tricks? Trends ' 'Parasitol. 2017;33:463–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.004.', 'journal-title': 'Trends Parasitol.'}, { 'key': '336_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '71', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034.', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'C Sohrabi', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, et al. World Health Organization ' 'declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus ' '(COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71–6. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034.', 'journal-title': 'Int J Surg.'}, { 'key': '336_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '401', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25678.', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'H Lu', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang Y-W. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology ' 'in Wuhan, China: the mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. ' '2020;92:401–2. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25678.', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'}, { 'key': '336_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '535', 'DOI': '10.1038/nature12711.', 'volume': '503', 'author': 'X-Y Ge', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Ge X-Y, Li J-L, Yang X-L, et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat ' 'SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature. ' '2013;503:535–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12711.', 'journal-title': 'Nature.'}, { 'key': '336_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3253', 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.02582-15.', 'volume': '90', 'author': 'X-L Yang', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Yang X-L, Hu B, Wang B, et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel ' 'bat coronavirus closely related to the direct progenitor of severe acute ' 'respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Virol. 2015;90:3253–6. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02582-15.', 'journal-title': 'J Virol.'}, { 'key': '336_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Lu C-C, Chen M-Y, Chang Y-L. Potential therapeutic agents against ' 'COVID-19: what we know so far. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000318.', 'DOI': '10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000318'}, { 'key': '336_CR10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '100407.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.imr.2020.100407.', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'L Ang', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Ang L, Lee HW, Choi JY, Zhang J, Soo Lee M. Herbal medicine and pattern ' 'identification for treating COVID-19: a rapid review of guidelines. ' 'Integr Med Res. 2020;9:100407. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2020.100407.', 'journal-title': 'Integr Med Res.'}, { 'key': '336_CR11', 'first-page': 'e40', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'R Gharebaghi', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Gharebaghi R, Heidary F, Moradi M, Parvizi M. Metronidazole; a potential ' 'novel addition to the COVID-19 treatment regimen. Arch Academic Emerg ' 'Med. 2020;8:e40.', 'journal-title': 'Arch Academic Emerg Med'}, { 'key': '336_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Baron SA, Devaux C, Colson P, Raoult D, Rolain J-M. Teicoplanin: an ' 'alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19? Int J Antimicrob Agents. ' '2020:105944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105944.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105944'}, { 'key': '336_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'w20242.', 'DOI': '10.4414/smw.2020.20242.', 'volume': '150', 'author': 'R Gharebaghi', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Gharebaghi R, Heidary F. COVID-19 and Iran: swimming with hands tied! ' 'Swiss Med Wkly. 2020;150:w20242. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2020.20242.', 'journal-title': 'Swiss Med Wkly'}, { 'key': '336_CR14', 'first-page': '71', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'VE Reviglio', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Reviglio VE, Osaba M, Reviglio V, Chiaradia P, Kuo IC. COVID-19 and ' 'ophthalmology: a new chapter in an old story. Med Hypothesis Disco Innov ' 'Ophthalmol. 2020;9:71–3.', 'journal-title': 'Med Hypothesis Disco Innov Ophthalmol'}, { 'key': '336_CR15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. The FDA-approved drug ' 'ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral ' 'Res. 2020:104787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787'}, { 'key': '336_CR16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '259', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.004.', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'NJ Barrows', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Barrows NJ, Campos RK, Powell ST, et al. A screen of FDA-approved drugs ' 'for inhibitors of Zika virus infection. Cell Host Microbe. ' '2016;20:259–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.004.', 'journal-title': 'Cell Host Microbe'}, { 'key': '336_CR17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '38', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.03.012.', 'volume': '95', 'author': 'H Ketkar', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Ketkar H, Yang L, Wormser GP, Wang P. Lack of efficacy of ivermectin for ' 'prevention of a lethal Zika virus infection in a murine system. Diagn ' 'Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;95:38–40. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.03.012.', 'journal-title': 'Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '336_CR18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '94', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.09.005.', 'volume': '120', 'author': 'AM Khalil', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Khalil AM, Abu Samrah HM. In vivo combined treatment of rats with ' 'ivermectin and aged garlic extract attenuates ivermectin-induced ' 'cytogenotoxicity in bone marrow cells. Res Vet Sci. 2018;120:94–100. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.09.005.', 'journal-title': 'Res Vet Sci'}, { 'key': '336_CR19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '124', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.010.', 'volume': '541', 'author': 'W Ji', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Ji W, Luo G. Zika virus NS5 nuclear accumulation is protective of ' 'protein degradation and is required for viral RNA replication. Virology. ' '2020;541:124–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.010.', 'journal-title': 'Virology.'}, { 'key': '336_CR20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '301', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.002.', 'volume': '99', 'author': 'MYF Tay', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Tay MYF, Fraser JE, Chan WKK, et al. Nuclear localization of dengue ' 'virus (DENV) 1-4 non-structural protein 5; protection against all 4 DENV ' 'serotypes by the inhibitor Ivermectin. Antivir Res. 2013;99:301–6. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.002.', 'journal-title': 'Antivir Res.'}, { 'key': '336_CR21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '851', 'DOI': '10.1042/BJ20120150.', 'volume': '443', 'author': 'KM Wagstaff', 'year': '2012', 'unstructured': 'Wagstaff KM, Sivakumaran H, Heaton SM, Harrich D, Jans DA. Ivermectin is ' 'a specific inhibitor of importin alpha/beta-mediated nuclear import able ' 'to inhibit replication of HIV-1 and dengue virus. Biochem J. ' '2012;443:851–6. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20120150.', 'journal-title': 'Biochem J.'}, { 'key': '336_CR22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '11034', 'DOI': '10.1021/acsnano.9b02807.', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'B Surnar', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Surnar B, Kamran MZ, Shah AS, et al. Orally administrable therapeutic ' 'synthetic nanoparticle for Zika virus. ACS Nano. 2019;13:11034–48. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b02807.', 'journal-title': 'ACS Nano.'}, { 'key': '336_CR23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '104760', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104760.', 'volume': '177', 'author': 'SNY Yang', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Yang SNY, Atkinson SC, Wang C, et al. The broad spectrum antiviral ' 'ivermectin targets the host nuclear transport importin alpha/beta1 ' 'heterodimer. Antivir Res. 2020;177:104760. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104760.', 'journal-title': 'Antivir Res.'}, { 'key': '336_CR24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1357', 'DOI': '10.1515/hsz-2015-0171.', 'volume': '396', 'author': 'FK Kosyna', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Kosyna FK, Nagel M, Kluxen L, Kraushaar K, Depping R. The importin ' 'alpha/beta-specific inhibitor Ivermectin affects HIF-dependent hypoxia ' 'response pathways. Biol Chem. 2015;396:1357–67. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2015-0171.', 'journal-title': 'Biol Chem.'}, { 'key': '336_CR25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1884', 'DOI': '10.1093/jac/dks147.', 'volume': '67', 'author': 'E Mastrangelo', 'year': '2012', 'unstructured': 'Mastrangelo E, Pezzullo M, De Burghgraeve T, et al. Ivermectin is a ' 'potent inhibitor of flavivirus replication specifically targeting NS3 ' 'helicase activity: new prospects for an old drug. J Antimicrob ' 'Chemother. 2012;67:1884–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dks147.', 'journal-title': 'J Antimicrob Chemother'}, { 'key': '336_CR26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '301', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4939-0348-1_19.', 'volume': '1138', 'author': 'JE Fraser', 'year': '2014', 'unstructured': 'Fraser JE, Rawlinson SM, Wang C, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. Investigating ' 'dengue virus nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) nuclear import. Methods Mol ' 'Biol. 2014;1138:301–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0348-1_19.', 'journal-title': 'Methods Mol Biol'}, { 'key': '336_CR27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '8043983.', 'DOI': '10.1155/2016/8043983.', 'volume': '2016', 'author': 'R Croci', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Croci R, Bottaro E, Chan KWK, et al. Liposomal systems as nanocarriers ' 'for the antiviral agent ivermectin. Int J Biomater. 2016;2016:8043983. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8043983.', 'journal-title': 'Int J Biomater'}, { 'key': '336_CR28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '358.', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-017-18742-8', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'SC Atkinson', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Atkinson SC, Audsley MD, Lieu KG. et al. Recognition by host nuclear ' 'transport proteins drives disorder-to-order transition in Hendra virus ' 'V. Sci Rep. 2018;8:358. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18742-8.', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep.'}, { 'key': '336_CR29', 'first-page': '597', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'S Azeem', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Azeem S, Ashraf M, Rasheed MA, Anjum AA, Hameed R. Evaluation of ' 'cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of ivermectin against Newcastle ' 'disease virus. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28:597–602.', 'journal-title': 'Pak J Pharm Sci'}, { 'key': '336_CR30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '662', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.10.004.', 'volume': '100', 'author': 'L Lundberg', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Lundberg L, Pinkham C, Baer A, et al. Nuclear import and export ' 'inhibitors alter capsid protein distribution in mammalian cells and ' 'reduce Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replication. Antivir Res. ' '2013;100:662–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.10.004.', 'journal-title': 'Antivir Res.'}, { 'key': '336_CR31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-017-17672-9.', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'S Shechter', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Shechter S, Thomas DR, Lundberg L, et al. Novel inhibitors targeting ' 'Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus capsid protein identified using in ' 'silico structure-based-drug-design. Sci Rep. 2017;7:17705. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17672-9.', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep.'}, { 'key': '336_CR32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '117', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.012.', 'volume': '126', 'author': 'FS Varghese', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Varghese FS, Kaukinen P, Glasker S, et al. Discovery of berberine, ' 'abamectin and ivermectin as antivirals against chikungunya and other ' 'alphaviruses. Antivir Res. 2016;126:117–24. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.012.', 'journal-title': 'Antivir Res.'}, { 'key': '336_CR33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/srep23138.', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'V Gotz', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Gotz V, Magar L, Dornfeld D, et al. Influenza A viruses escape from MxA ' 'restriction at the expense of efficient nuclear vRNP import. Sci Rep. ' '2016;6:23138. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23138.', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep.'}, { 'key': '336_CR34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '257', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00705-015-2653-2.', 'volume': '161', 'author': 'YJ Lee', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Lee YJ, Lee C. Ivermectin inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory ' 'syndrome virus in cultured porcine alveolar macrophages. Arch Virol. ' '2016;161:257–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2653-2.', 'journal-title': 'Arch Virol.'}, { 'key': '336_CR35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '192', 'DOI': '10.1177/1087057110390360.', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'KM Wagstaff', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Wagstaff KM, Rawlinson SM, Hearps AC, Jans DA. An AlphaScreen(R)-based ' 'assay for high-throughput screening for specific inhibitors of nuclear ' 'import. J Biomol Screen. 2011;16:192–200. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1087057110390360.', 'journal-title': 'J Biomol Screen'}, { 'key': '336_CR36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '749', 'DOI': '10.2478/pjvs-2013-0106.', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'A Slonska', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Slonska A, Cymerys J, Skwarska J, Golke A, Banbura MW. Influence of ' 'importin alpha/beta and exportin 1 on equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) ' 'replication in primary murine neurons. Pol J Vet Sci. 2013;16:749–51. ' 'https://doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0106.', 'journal-title': 'Pol J Vet Sci'}, { 'key': '336_CR37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '55', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.010.', 'volume': '159', 'author': 'C Lv', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Lv C, Liu W, Wang B, et al. Ivermectin inhibits DNA polymerase UL42 of ' 'pseudorabies virus entrance into the nucleus and proliferation of the ' 'virus in vitro and vivo. Antivir Res. 2018;159:55–62. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.010.', 'journal-title': 'Antivir Res.'}, { 'key': '336_CR38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Berthomme H, Monahan SJ, Parris DS, Jacquemont B, Epstein AL. Cloning, ' 'sequencing, and functional characterization of the two subunits of the ' 'pseudorabies virus DNA polymerase holoenzyme: evidence for specificity ' 'of interaction. J Virol. 1995 May;69(5):2811-8. PubMed PMID: 7707503; ' 'PubMed Central PMCID: PMC188975', 'DOI': '10.1128/jvi.69.5.2811-2818.1995'}, { 'key': '336_CR39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '124.', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2016.00124.', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Y-P Wang', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Wang Y-P, Du W-J, Huang L-P, et al. The pseudorabies virus DNA ' 'polymerase accessory subunit UL42 directs nuclear transport of the ' 'holoenzyme. Front Microbiol 2016;7:124. ' 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00124.', 'journal-title': 'Front Microbiol'}, { 'key': '336_CR40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '110', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.013.', 'volume': '474', 'author': 'SM Bennett', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Bennett SM, Zhao L, Bosard C, Imperiale MJ. Role of a nuclear ' 'localization signal on the minor capsid proteins VP2 and VP3 in BKPyV ' 'nuclear entry. Virology. 2015;474:110–6. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.013.', 'journal-title': 'Virology.'}, { 'key': '336_CR41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '80', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.010.', 'volume': '263', 'author': 'X Wang', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Wang X, Lv C, Ji X, Wang B, Qiu L, Yang Z. Ivermectin treatment inhibits ' 'the replication of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in vitro and mitigates ' 'the impact of viral infection in piglets. Virus Res. 2019;263:80–6. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.010.', 'journal-title': 'Virus Res.'}, { 'key': '336_CR42', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Raza S, Shahin F, Zhai W, et al. Ivermectin inhibits bovine herpesvirus ' '1 DNA polymerase nuclear import and interferes with viral replication. ' 'Microorganisms. 2020;8. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030409.', 'DOI': '10.3390/microorganisms8030409'}, { 'key': '336_CR43', 'unstructured': 'The FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine, ' 'https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/product-safety-information/fda-letter-stakeholders-do-not-use-ivermectin-intended-animals-treatment-covid-19-humans. ' 'Accessed 5 May 2020.'}, { 'key': '336_CR44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '42', 'DOI': '10.1208/s12248-007-9000-9', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'AG Canga', 'year': '2008', 'unstructured': 'Canga AG, Prieto AM, Liébana MJ, Martínez NF, Vega MS, Vieitez JJ. The ' 'pharmacokinetics and interactions of ivermectin in humans—a mini-review. ' 'AAPS J. 2008;10:42–6.', 'journal-title': 'AAPS J'}, { 'key': '336_CR45', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '495', 'DOI': '10.1038/ja.2017.11', 'volume': '70', 'author': 'A Crump', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Crump A. Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted ‘wonder’ drug continues to ' 'surprise and exceed expectations. J Antibiot. 2017;70:495–505.', 'journal-title': 'J Antibiot'}], 'container-title': 'The Journal of Antibiotics', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'http://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'http://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'http://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 5, 20]], 'date-time': '2023-05-20T21:34:06Z', 'timestamp': 1684618446000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 6, 12]]}, 'references-count': 45, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '9', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 9]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['336'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-0336-z', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0021-8820', '1881-1469'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'J Antibiot', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 6, 12]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '21 April 2020', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '5 May 2020', 'order': 2, 'name': 'revised', 'label': 'Revised', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '17 May 2020', 'order': 3, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '12 June 2020', 'order': 4, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Compliance with ethical standards'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Conflict of interest'}}, { 'value': 'This content has been made available to all.', 'name': 'free', 'label': 'Free to read'}]}