Ivermectin under scrutiny: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and possible sources of controversies in COVID-19 patients

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 12, 7]], 'date-time': '2022-12-07T11:27:41Z', 'timestamp': 1670412461615}, 'reference-count': 68, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 6, 13]], 'date-time': '2022-06-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1655078400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 6, 13]], 'date-time': '2022-06-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1655078400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the ' 'efficacy of ivermectin for COVID-19 patients based on current peer-reviewed RCTs and to ' 'address disputes over the existing evidence.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Google ' 'scholar and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for RCTs assessing the efficacy of Ivermectin up ' 'to 20 February 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was performed based on ' 'the PRISMA 2020 statement criteria.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>19 and 17 studies were included in this systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis, respectively. There was no significant difference in progression to severe ' 'disease (log OR −\u20090.27 [95% CI −\u20090.61 to 0.08], I2\u2009=\u200942.29%), negative ' 'RT-PCR (log OR 0.25 [95% CI −\u20090.18–0.68], I2\u2009=\u200958.73%), recovery (log OR 0.11 ' '[95% CI −\u20090.22–0.45], I2\u2009=\u200913.84%), duration of hospitalization (SMD −\u2009' '0.40 [95% CI −\u20090.85–0.06], I2\u2009=\u200988.90%), time to negative RT-PCR (SMD −\u2009' '0.36 [95% CI −\u20090.89–0.17], I2\u2009=\u200946.2%), and viral load (SMD -0.17 [95% CI ' '-0.45 to 0.12], I^2\u2009=\u20090%). It is worth noting that, based on low-certainty ' 'evidence, ivermectin may possibly reduce mortality (log OR −\u20090.67 [95% CI −\u20091.20 to ' '−\u20090.13], I2\u2009=\u200928.96%). However, studies with a higher risk of bias were more ' 'likely to indicate positive effects on the efficacy of this drug, according to our subgroup ' 'analyses based on study quality.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Ivermectin did not have any significant effect on outcomes of ' 'COVID-19 patients and as WHO recommends, use of ivermectin should be limited to clinical ' 'trials.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12985-022-01829-8', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 6, 13]], 'date-time': '2022-06-13T17:03:52Z', 'timestamp': 1655139832000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 5, 'title': 'Ivermectin under scrutiny: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and possible ' 'sources of controversies in COVID-19 patients', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '19', 'author': [ {'given': 'Arman', 'family': 'Shafiee', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Mohammad Mobin', 'family': 'Teymouri Athar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Omid', 'family': 'Kohandel Gargari', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Kyana', 'family': 'Jafarabady', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sepehr', 'family': 'Siahvoshi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Sayed-Hamidreza', 'family': 'Mozhgani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 6, 13]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '1829_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '401', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25678', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'H Lu', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang Y-W. 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