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Clinical Variants, Characteristics, and Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series Analysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Ahsan et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.14761
Apr 2021  
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Mortality 50% Improvement Relative Risk Ivermectin for COVID-19  Ahsan et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with ivermectin + doxycycline beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 165 patients in Pakistan Lower mortality with ivermectin + doxycycline (p=0.025) c19ivm.org Ahsan et al., Cureus, April 2021 Favorsivermectin Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Ivermectin for COVID-19
4th treatment shown to reduce risk in August 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 105 studies, recognized in 23 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 110 treatments. c19ivm.org
Retrospective 165 hospitalized patients in Pakistan showing unadjusted lower mortality with combined ivermectin and doxycycline treatment. Details of the ivermectin group compared to other patients are not provided, however ivermectin was given to a similar percentage of patients in the mild, moderate, and severe/critical groups (34.5%, 29.1%, and 36.4%), suggesting that ivermectin treatment was not based on severity.
This is the 51st of 105 COVID-19 controlled studies for ivermectin, which collectively show efficacy with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 774 quintillion).
52 studies are RCTs, which show efficacy with p=0.00000021.
This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta analysis: unadjusted results with no group details.
risk of death, 50.0% lower, RR 0.50, p = 0.03, treatment 17 of 110 (15.5%), control 17 of 55 (30.9%), NNT 6.5.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Ahsan et al., 29 Apr 2021, retrospective, Pakistan, peer-reviewed, 10 authors, dosage 150μg/kg days 1-2, 150-200µg/kg, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with doxycycline) - results of individual treatments may vary.
This PaperIvermectinAll
Clinical Variants, Characteristics, and Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series Analysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Tasnim Ahsan, Bharta Rani, Glenis Roomana Siddiqui, Glenis D‘souza, Razzaq Memon, Irfan Lutfi, Omer I. Hasan, Rushma Javed, Farhan Khan, Muhammad Hassan
Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.14761
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 has become a global threat to public health. The current study investigates alterations in the biological estimates concerning the severity, recovery, mortality, and assessment of treatment-based outcomes. Methods A case series of 165 COVID-19 patients admitted to OMI Institute (a tertiary care hospital) was conducted between May and August 2020. The data regarding demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, radiographic abnormalities, biological estimations, symptoms, treatment, disease progression, complications, and outcomes were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Laboratory estimations included complete blood count (CBC), renal and electrolyte profile, liver function tests (LFTs), hematological indices, and inflammatory markers. Chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan were also performed, and data were extracted from the medical records. Analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results Out of the 165 COVID-19 patients, 79.4% recovered and were successfully discharged, while 20.6% of inpatient died. The patients' mean age was 56.03 ± 15.96 years, with a male majority (55.1%). The most common comorbid conditions were diabetes and hypertension; fever and dry cough were among the most frequently reported symptoms. The chest imaging findings among the severe/critical COVID-19 patients showed extensive bilateral patchy opacities. The median laboratory investigations, including neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) (14.83), C-reactive protein (CRP) (7.4 mg/dl), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (786 IU/L), ferritin (1401.15 mcg/ml), and mean oxygen saturation (88.25%), were significantly altered among cases with increased disease severity and those who expired (p<0.05). The proportion of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis development was significantly high among severe/critical COVID-19 patients (p<0.05). Treatment with tocilizumab, remdesivir, doxycycline, ivermectin, enoxaparin sodium, and steroids was deemed to be potentially effective treatment options in terms of reducing COVID-19 severity and chances of recovery. Furthermore, age (OR 1.05; p=0.047), presence of comorbidity (OR 8.471; p=0.004), high NLR, LDH (final outcome) (OR 1.361 and 1.018; p<0.05), and CRP levels (midpoint) (OR 1.631; p=0.05) were identified as the strong predictors of death among COVID-19 patients. Conclusion The study identified several alterations in the clinical profile of the COVID-19 patients concerning severity during the hospital stay, affecting prognosis. Clinically, tocilizumab, remdesivir, doxycycline, ivermectin, enoxaparin sodium, and steroids were identified as potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 due to their ability to alter disease-associated severity and recovery rate.
Additional Information Disclosures Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Medicell Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism (MIDEM) issued approval IRB-005/MHS/20. The Independent Ethical Review Committee of Medicell Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism (MIDEM) approved the study protocol (Reference no. IRB-005/MHS/20; Dated: 27th April 2020). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or the next of kin before inclusion in the study. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
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' '10.1371/journal.pone.0244171', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One'}], 'container-title': 'Cureus', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://www.cureus.com/articles/56545-clinical-variants-characteristics-and-outcomes-among-covid-19-patients-a-case-series-analysis-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-karachi-pakistan', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 9]], 'date-time': '2024-02-09T19:27:06Z', 'timestamp': 1707506826000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://www.cureus.com/articles/56545-clinical-variants-characteristics-and-outcomes-among-covid-19-patients-a-case-series-analysis-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-karachi-pakistan'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 29]]}, 'references-count': 30, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14761', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2168-8184'], 'subject': ['Aerospace Engineering'], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 29]]}}
Late treatment
is less effective
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