Influence of the route of administration on efficacy and tissue distribution of ivermectin in goat
Anne Lespine, Michel Alvinerie, Jean-François Sutra, Isabelle Pors, Christophe Chartier
Veterinary Parasitology, doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028
The tissue concentration and efficacy of ivermectin after per os and subcutaneous administration were compared in goats experimentally infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis (ivermectin-susceptible strain, INRA). Infected goats (n = 24) were treated per os (n = 9) or subcutaneously (n = 9) with ivermectin, 0.2 mg/kg, or kept as not treated controls. The faecal egg counts and small intestine worm counts were determined. Ivermectin concentration was measured in the plasma, gastrointestinal tract, lung, skin or hair, liver and adipose tissues at 0, 2, 7 and 17 days post-treatment. The efficacy of ivermectin against T. colubriformis infection in goat was 98.7 and 99.9% for subcutaneous and oral administration, respectively. Ivermectin concentration declined with time and only residual concentration was measured at 17 days post-treatment in plasma and gastrointestinal tract. Ivermectin concentration was higher after subcutaneous compared to per os injection in most of the tissue examined. In skin, hair and subcutaneous adipose tissue ivermectin persisted at significant concentrations 17 days post-treatment for both routes of administration. In our experimental conditions, ivermectin provides similar efficacy against T. colubriformis after subcutaneous or per os administration in goat. However, the lower ivermectin levels in tissues after per os administration suggest that the lasting of efficacy may be shortened after per os compared to subcutaneous administration especially in animals with poor body condition in pasture where re-infection occurs quickly after anthelmintic treatment.
References
Ali, Hennessy, The effect of level of feed intake on the pharmacokinetic disposition and efficacy of ivermectin in sheep, J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther
Alka, Gopal, Sandhu, Sidhu, Efficacy of abamectin against ivermectin-resistant strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep, Vet. Parasitol
Alvinerie, Comparative pharmacokinetic properties of moxidectin and ivermectin in different animal species, J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther
Alvinerie, Escudero, Sutra, Eeckhoutte, Galtier, The pharmacokinetics of moxidectin after oral and subcutaneous administration to sheep, Vet. Res
Alvinerie, Sutra, Cabezas, Rubilar, Perez, Enhanced plasma availability of moxidectin in fasted horses, J. Equine Vet. Sci
Alvinerie, Sutra, Galtier, Ivermectin in goat plasma and milk after subcutaneous injection, Vet. Res
Barth, Sutherland, Roncalli, Leaning, The efficacy of ivermectin as an antiparasitic agent in the pig
Bassissi, Alvinerie, Lespine, Macrocyclic lactones distribution in the plasma lipoproteins of several animal species including humans, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C)
Bates, Groves, Failure of a single treatment with ivermectin to control sheep scab (Psoroptes ovis) on artificially infested sheep, Vet. Rec
Beco, Petite, Olivry, Comparison of subcutaneous ivermectin and oral moxidectin for the treatment of notoedric acariasis in hamsters, Vet. Rec
Berrag, Bouljihad, Cabaret, A quantitative approach to evaluate nematode lungworm burdens in goats, Parasite
Bogan, Mckellar, Mitchell, Scott, Efficacy of ivermectin against Cooperia curticei infection in sheep, Am. J. Vet. Res
Borgsteede, The efficacy and persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin in sheep, Vet. Parasitol
Chartier, Lespine, Hoste, Alvinerie, Les endectocides chez les caprins: pharmacologie, efficacite ´et conditions d'utilisation dans le contexte de re ´sistance aux anthelmintiques, Rencontre Recherche Ruminants
Chiu, Sestokas, Taub, Buhs, Green et al., Metabolic disposition of ivermectin in tissues of cattle, sheep, and rats
Chiu, Taub, Sestokas, Lu, Jacob, Comparative in vivo and in vitro metabolism of ivermectin in steers, sheep, swine, and rat, Drug Metab. Rev
Craven, Hennessy, Friis, Does the rate of fat deposition influence the pharmacokinetic disposition of subcutaneously administered moxidectin and ivermectin in pigs, J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther
Dupuy, Escudero, Eeckhoutte, Sutra, Galtier et al., In vitro metabolism of 14C-moxidectin by hepatic microsomes from various species, Vet. Res. Commun
Dutta, Ray, Pal, Mandal, Das, Efficacy of ivermectin oral suspension against generalised psoroptic mange in black Bengal goats, Indian Vet. J
Euzeby, Diagnostic Expe ´rimental des Helminthoses Animals
Gayrard, Alvinerie, Toutain, Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of doramectin and ivermectin pouron formulations in cattle, Vet. Parasitol
Gopal, West, Pomroy, The difference in efficacy of ivermectin oral, moxidectin oral and moxidectin injectable formulations against an ivermectin-resistant strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep, N. Z. Vet. J
Gregory, Foreyt, Breeze, Efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole against lung worms, Vet. Med
Haas, Lindemann, Frank, Sterry, Lademann et al., Rapid and preferential sebum secretion of ivermectin: a new factor that may determine drug responsiveness in patients with scabies, Arch. Dermatol
Hennessy, Alvinerie, Pharmacocinetics of the macrocyclic lactones: conventional wisdom and new paradigms
Hoyt, French, Miller, Williams, Hackett et al., Evaluation of ivermectin against experimental infections of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in goats, Vet. Parasitol
Kerboeuf, Hubert, Alvinerie, Localization and migration of benzimidazole resistant and susceptible adult Cooperia curticei in the small intestine of sheep after treatment with thiabendazole, Vet. Parasitol
Kerboeuf, Hubert, Cardinaud, Blond-Riou, The persistence of the efficacy of injectable or oral moxidectin against Teladorsagia, Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus species in experimentally infected sheep, Vet. Rec
Laffont, Alvinerie, Bousquet-Melou, Toutain, Licking behaviour and environmental contamination arising from pour-on ivermectin for cattle, Int. J. Parasitol
Lafontan, Langin, Valet, Saulnier-Blache, Galitzky et al., Adrenergic receptors in brown and white adipocytes: structure, functions and regulations, Obes. Res
Lanusse, Lifschitz, Virkel, Alvarez, Sanchez et al., Comparative plasma disposition kinetics of ivermectin, moxidectin and doramectin in cattle, J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther
Lespine, Sutra, Dupuy, Alvinerie, Aumont, Influence of parasitism on the pharmacokinetic of moxidectin in lambs, Parasitol. Res
Lespine, Sutra, Dupuy, Alvinerie, Eprinomectin in goat: assessment of subcutaneous administration, Parasitol. Res
Lifschitz, Virkel, Sallovitz, Sutra, Galtier et al., Comparative distribution of ivermectin and doramectin to parasite location tissues in cattle, Vet. Parasitol
Losson, Lonneux, Field efficacy of moxidectin 0.5% pour-on against Chorioptes bovis, Damalinia bovis, Linognathus vituli and Psoroptes ovis in naturally infected cattle. Vet. Parasitol
Marriner, Mckinnon, Bogan, The pharmacokinetics of ivermectin after oral and subcutaneous administration to sheep and horses, J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther
Mccraw, Menzies, Treatment of goats infected with lungworm Muellerius capillaris, Can. Vet. J
Mckellar, Marriner, Comparison of the anthelmintic efficacy of oxfendazole or ivermectin administered orally and ivermectin administered subcutaneously to sheep during the periparturient period, Vet. Rec
Mckenna, Update on anthelmintics in goats, Publ. Vet. Contin. Educ
Mckenna, Watson, The comparative efficacy of four broad spectrum anthelminthics against some experimentally induced trichostrongylid infections in sheep and goats, N. Z. Vet. J
Pearson, Rutherford, Ivermectin injection less effective in goats than oral treatment, Surveilance
Rahman, Role of ivermectin and its formulations in control of trichostrongylid nematodes on smallholder goat farm of Malaysia, Small Ruminant Res
Raynaud, Etude de l'efficacite ´d'une technique de coproscopie quantitative pour le diagnostic de routine et le contro ˆle des infestations parasitaires des bovins, ovins, e ´quins et porcins, Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compare ´e
Swann, Gross, Efficacy of ivermectin against induced gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats, Vet. Rec
Taylor, Mallon, Blanchflower, Kennedy, Green, Effects of diet on plasma concentrations of oral anthelmintics for cattle and sheep, Vet. Rec
Tichener, Purnell, Duration of persistence of injectable avermectins against sucking lice of cattle, Vet. Rec
Wagland, Emery, Mcclure, Studies on the host-parasite relationship between Trichostrongylus colubriformis and susceptible and resistant sheep, Int. J. Parasitol
Waruiru, Kogi, Weda, Ngotho, Multiple anthelmintic resistance on a goat farm in Kenya, Vet. Parasitol
Zulalian, Stout, Dacunha, Garces, Miller, Absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of moxidectin in cattle, J. Agric. Food Chem
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 30]], 'date-time': '2023-06-30T16:13:10Z', 'timestamp': 1688141590219},
'reference-count': 49,
'publisher': 'Elsevier BV',
'issue': '3-4',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2005, 3, 1]],
'date-time': '2005-03-01T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1109635200000},
'content-version': 'tdm',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}],
'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2005, 3]]},
'DOI': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': {'date-parts': [[2005, 1, 27]], 'date-time': '2005-01-27T07:53:17Z', 'timestamp': 1106812397000},
'page': '251-260',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 58,
'title': 'Influence of the route of administration on efficacy and tissue distribution of ivermectin in '
'goat',
'prefix': '10.1016',
'volume': '128',
'author': [ {'given': 'Anne', 'family': 'Lespine', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Michel', 'family': 'Alvinerie', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Jean-François', 'family': 'Sutra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Isabelle', 'family': 'Pors', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Christophe', 'family': 'Chartier', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}],
'member': '78',
'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib1',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '89',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2885.1996.tb00018.x',
'article-title': 'The effect of level of feed intake on the pharmacokinetic disposition '
'and efficacy of ivermectin in sheep',
'volume': '19',
'author': 'Ali',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib2',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '277',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.03.007',
'article-title': 'Efficacy of abamectin against ivermectin-resistant strain of '
'Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep',
'volume': '121',
'author': 'Alka',
'year': '2004',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Parasitol.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib3',
'first-page': '417',
'article-title': 'Ivermectin in goat plasma and milk after subcutaneous injection',
'volume': '24',
'author': 'Alvinerie',
'year': '1993',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib4',
'first-page': '74',
'article-title': 'Comparative pharmacokinetic properties of moxidectin and ivermectin in '
'different animal species',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'Alvinerie',
'year': '1997',
'journal-title': 'J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib5',
'first-page': '113',
'article-title': 'The pharmacokinetics of moxidectin after oral and subcutaneous '
'administration to sheep',
'volume': '29',
'author': 'Alvinerie',
'year': '1998',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib6',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '575',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0737-0806(00)70265-6',
'article-title': 'Enhanced plasma availability of moxidectin in fasted horses',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'Alvinerie',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'J. Equine Vet. Sci.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib7',
'series-title': 'Proceedings of the Pig Veterinary Society, 6th Congress',
'article-title': 'The efficacy of ivermectin as an antiparasitic agent in the pig',
'author': 'Barth',
'year': '1980'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib8',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '250',
'DOI': '10.1136/vr.128.11.250',
'article-title': 'Failure of a single treatment with ivermectin to control sheep scab '
'(Psoroptes ovis) on artificially infested sheep',
'volume': '128',
'author': 'Bates',
'year': '1991',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Rec.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib9',
'unstructured': 'Bassissi, M.F., Alvinerie, M., Lespine, A. Macrocyclic lactones '
'distribution in the plasma lipoproteins of several animal species '
'including humans. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C), in press.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib10',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '324',
'DOI': '10.1136/vr.149.11.324',
'article-title': 'Comparison of subcutaneous ivermectin and oral moxidectin for the '
'treatment of notoedric acariasis in hamsters',
'volume': '149',
'author': 'Beco',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Rec.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib11',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '291',
'DOI': '10.1051/parasite/1996033291',
'article-title': 'A quantitative approach to evaluate nematode lungworm burdens in goats',
'volume': '3',
'author': 'Berrag',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'Parasite'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib12',
'first-page': '99',
'article-title': 'Efficacy of ivermectin against Cooperia curticei infection in sheep',
'volume': '49',
'author': 'Bogan',
'year': '1988',
'journal-title': 'Am. J. Vet. Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib13',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '117',
'DOI': '10.1016/0304-4017(93)90012-C',
'article-title': 'The efficacy and persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin in sheep',
'volume': '50',
'author': 'Borgsteede',
'year': '1993',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib14',
'first-page': '181',
'article-title': 'Les endectocides chez les caprins: pharmacologie, efficacité et '
'conditions d’utilisation dans le contexte de résistance aux '
'anthelmintiques',
'volume': '8',
'author': 'Chartier',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Rencontre Recherche Ruminants'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib15',
'first-page': '590',
'article-title': 'Metabolic disposition of ivermectin in tissues of cattle, sheep, and '
'rats',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Chiu',
'year': '1986',
'journal-title': 'Drug Metab. Dispos.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib16',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '289',
'DOI': '10.3109/03602538708998309',
'article-title': 'Comparative in vivo and in vitro metabolism of ivermectin in steers, '
'sheep, swine, and rat',
'volume': '18',
'author': 'Chiu',
'year': '1987',
'journal-title': 'Drug Metab. Rev.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib17',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '351',
'DOI': '10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00435.x',
'article-title': 'Does the rate of fat deposition influence the pharmacokinetic '
'disposition of subcutaneously administered moxidectin and ivermectin in '
'pigs',
'volume': '25',
'author': 'Craven',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib18',
'first-page': '69',
'article-title': 'Efficacy of ivermectin oral suspension against generalised psoroptic '
'mange in black Bengal goats',
'volume': '73',
'author': 'Dutta',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'Indian Vet. J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib19',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '345',
'DOI': '10.1023/A:1010686508307',
'article-title': 'In vitro metabolism of 14C-moxidectin by hepatic microsomes from '
'various species',
'volume': '25',
'author': 'Dupuy',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Res. Commun.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib20',
'series-title': 'Diagnostic Expérimental des Helminthoses Animals, vol. Tome 2',
'author': 'Euzeby',
'year': '1982'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib21',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '47',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00236-2',
'article-title': 'Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of doramectin and ivermectin '
'pour-on formulations in cattle',
'volume': '81',
'author': 'Gayrard',
'year': '1999',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib22',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '133',
'DOI': '10.1080/00480169.2001.36220',
'article-title': 'The difference in efficacy of ivermectin oral, moxidectin oral and '
'moxidectin injectable formulations against an ivermectin-resistant '
'strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep',
'volume': '49',
'author': 'Gopal',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'N. Z. Vet. J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib23',
'first-page': '114',
'article-title': 'Efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole against lung worms',
'volume': '80',
'author': 'Gregory',
'year': '1985',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib24',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1618',
'DOI': '10.1001/archderm.138.12.1618',
'article-title': 'Rapid and preferential sebum secretion of ivermectin: a new factor that '
'may determine drug responsiveness in patients with scabies',
'volume': '138',
'author': 'Haas',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'Arch. Dermatol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib25',
'series-title': 'Macrocyclic Lactones and Antiparasitic Therapy',
'first-page': '97',
'article-title': 'Pharmacocinetics of the macrocyclic lactones: conventional wisdom and '
'new paradigms',
'author': 'Hennessy',
'year': '2002'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib26',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '257',
'DOI': '10.1016/0304-4017(92)90067-J',
'article-title': 'Evaluation of ivermectin against experimental infections of Haemonchus '
'contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in goats',
'volume': '42',
'author': 'Hoyt',
'year': '1992',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib27',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '47',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00332-0',
'article-title': 'Localization and migration of benzimidazole resistant and susceptible '
'adult Cooperia curticei in the small intestine of sheep after treatment '
'with thiabendazole',
'volume': '93',
'author': 'Kerboeuf',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib28',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '399',
'DOI': '10.1136/vr.137.16.399',
'article-title': 'The persistence of the efficacy of injectable or oral moxidectin '
'against Teladorsagia, Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus species in '
'experimentally infected sheep',
'volume': '137',
'author': 'Kerboeuf',
'year': '1995',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Rec.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib29',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1687',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00285-5',
'article-title': 'Licking behaviour and environmental contamination arising from pour-on '
'ivermectin for cattle',
'volume': '31',
'author': 'Laffont',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib30',
'first-page': '365',
'article-title': 'Adrenergic receptors in brown and white adipocytes: structure, '
'functions and regulations',
'volume': '43',
'author': 'Lafontan',
'year': '1999',
'journal-title': 'Prog. Obes. Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib31',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '91',
'DOI': '10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00825.x',
'article-title': 'Comparative plasma disposition kinetics of ivermectin, moxidectin and '
'doramectin in cattle',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'Lanusse',
'year': '1997',
'journal-title': 'J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib32',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '121',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00436-004-1084-x',
'article-title': 'Influence of parasitism on the pharmacokinetic of moxidectin in lambs',
'volume': '93',
'author': 'Lespine',
'year': '2004',
'journal-title': 'Parasitol. Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib33',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '120',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00436-002-0727-z',
'article-title': 'Eprinomectin in goat: assessment of subcutaneous administration',
'volume': '89',
'author': 'Lespine',
'year': '2003',
'journal-title': 'Parasitol. Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib34',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '327',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00175-2',
'article-title': 'Comparative distribution of ivermectin and doramectin to parasite '
'location tissues in cattle',
'volume': '87',
'author': 'Lifschitz',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib35',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '119',
'DOI': '10.1016/0304-4017(95)00882-9',
'article-title': 'Field efficacy of moxidectin 0.5% pour-on against Chorioptes bovis, '
'Damalinia bovis, Linognathus vituli and Psoroptes ovis in naturally '
'infected cattle',
'volume': '63',
'author': 'Losson',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib36',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '175',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2885.1987.tb00097.x',
'article-title': 'The pharmacokinetics of ivermectin after oral and subcutaneous '
'administration to sheep and horses',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Marriner',
'year': '1987',
'journal-title': 'J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib37',
'first-page': '287',
'article-title': 'Treatment of goats infected with lungworm Muellerius capillaris',
'volume': '27',
'author': 'McCraw',
'year': '1986',
'journal-title': 'Can. Vet. J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib38',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '383',
'DOI': '10.1136/vr.120.16.383',
'article-title': 'Comparison of the anthelmintic efficacy of oxfendazole or ivermectin '
'administered orally and ivermectin administered subcutaneously to sheep '
'during the periparturient period',
'volume': '120',
'author': 'McKellar',
'year': '1987',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Rec.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib39',
'first-page': '93',
'article-title': 'Update on anthelmintics in goats',
'volume': '134',
'author': 'McKenna',
'year': '1991',
'journal-title': 'Publ. Vet. Contin. Educ.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib40',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '192',
'DOI': '10.1080/00480169./1987.35443',
'article-title': 'The comparative efficacy of four broad spectrum anthelminthics against '
'some experimentally induced trichostrongylid infections in sheep and '
'goats',
'volume': '85',
'author': 'McKenna',
'year': '1987',
'journal-title': 'N. Z. Vet. J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib41',
'first-page': '22',
'article-title': 'Ivermectin injection less effective in goats than oral treatment',
'volume': '15',
'author': 'Pearson',
'year': '1988',
'journal-title': 'Surveilance'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib42',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '83',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00954-6',
'article-title': 'Role of ivermectin and its formulations in control of trichostrongylid '
'nematodes on smallholder goat farm of Malaysia',
'volume': '25',
'author': 'Rahman',
'year': '1997',
'journal-title': 'Small Ruminant Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib43',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '321',
'DOI': '10.1051/parasite/1970453321',
'article-title': 'Etude de l’efficacité d’une technique de coproscopie quantitative pour '
'le diagnostic de routine et le contrôle des infestations parasitaires '
'des bovins, ovins, équins et porcins',
'volume': '45',
'author': 'Raynaud',
'year': '1970',
'journal-title': 'Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib44',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '147',
'DOI': '10.1136/vr.117.7.147',
'article-title': 'Efficacy of ivermectin against induced gastrointestinal nematode '
'infections in goats',
'volume': '117',
'author': 'Swann',
'year': '1985',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Rec.'},
{ 'issue': '13',
'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib45',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '264',
'DOI': '10.1136/vr.130.13.264',
'article-title': 'Effects of diet on plasma concentrations of oral anthelmintics for '
'cattle and sheep',
'volume': '130',
'author': 'Taylor',
'year': '1992',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Rec.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib46',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '345',
'DOI': '10.1136/vr.139.14.345',
'article-title': 'Duration of persistence of injectable avermectins against sucking lice '
'of cattle',
'volume': '139',
'author': 'Tichener',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Rec.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib47',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1279',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0020-7519(96)00115-4',
'article-title': 'Studies on the host-parasite relationship between Trichostrongylus '
'colubriformis and susceptible and resistant sheep',
'volume': '26',
'author': 'Wagland',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib48',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '191',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00195-7',
'article-title': 'Multiple anthelmintic resistance on a goat farm in Kenya',
'volume': '75',
'author': 'Waruiru',
'year': '1998',
'journal-title': 'Vet. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028_bib49',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '381',
'DOI': '10.1021/jf00038a028',
'article-title': 'Absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of '
'moxidectin in cattle',
'volume': '42',
'author': 'Zulalian',
'year': '1994',
'journal-title': 'J. Agric. Food Chem.'}],
'container-title': 'Veterinary Parasitology',
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0304401704006041?httpAccept=text/xml',
'content-type': 'text/xml',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'},
{ 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0304401704006041?httpAccept=text/plain',
'content-type': 'text/plain',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2019, 1, 29]],
'date-time': '2019-01-29T21:54:02Z',
'timestamp': 1548798842000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304401704006041'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2005, 3]]},
'references-count': 49,
'journal-issue': {'issue': '3-4', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2005, 3]]}},
'alternative-id': ['S0304401704006041'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.028',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['0304-4017'],
'subject': ['General Veterinary', 'General Medicine', 'Parasitology'],
'container-title-short': 'Veterinary Parasitology',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2005, 3]]}}