Sharp Reductions in COVID-19 Case Fatalities and Excess Deaths in Peru in Close Time Conjunction, State-By-State, with Ivermectin Treatments

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.3765018", "ISSN": [ "1556-5068" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3765018", "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Chamie-Quintero", "given": "Juan", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Hibberd", "given": "Jennifer", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Scheim", "given": "David", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "container-title-short": "SSRN Journal", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 1, 22 ] ], "date-time": "2021-01-22T05:48:44Z", "timestamp": 1611294524000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 2, 5 ] ], "date-time": "2021-02-05T10:47:27Z", "timestamp": 1612522047000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2023-11-01T17:00:52Z", "timestamp": 1698858052737 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 6, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021 ] ] }, "language": "en", "member": "78", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.2139", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021 ] ] }, "published-other": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021 ] ] }, "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "reference": [ { "journal-title": "Primer caso de coronavirus en Per�: Los detalles del contagio del piloto | PERU", "key": "ref1" }, { "article-title": "Ministerio De Salud", "journal-title": "Resolucion Ministerial #270-2020", "key": "ref2", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30453-x", "author": "P Nicolas", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "92", "journal-title": "Safety of oral ivermectin during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health", "key": "ref3", "volume": "8", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/ja.2017.11", "article-title": "Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted 'wonder' drug continues to surprise and exceed expectations", "author": "A Crump", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "495", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "J Antibiot (Tokyo)", "key": "ref4", "volume": "70", "year": "2017" }, { "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pntd.0003507", "article-title": "Growth, Challenges, and Solutions over 25 Years of Mectizan and the Impact on Onchocerciasis Control", "author": "J Lawrence", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "key": "ref5", "volume": "9", "year": "2015" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.026", "article-title": "The Repurposing of Ivermectin for Malaria: A Prospective PharmacokineticsBased Virtual Clinical Trials Assessment of Dosing Regimen Options", "author": "R Badhan", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "2236", "issue": "8", "journal-title": "Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences", "key": "ref6", "volume": "107", "year": "2018" }, { "journal-title": "Constituci�n Pol�tica Del Per�, 29 de diciembre de", "key": "ref7", "year": "1993" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787", "article-title": "The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro", "author": "L Caly", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Antiviral Res", "key": "ref8", "volume": "178", "year": "2020" }, { "author": "C Offord", "journal-title": "Surgisphere Sows Confusion About Another Unproven COVID-19 Drug. The Scientist", "key": "ref9", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1080/13102818.2020.1775118", "article-title": "Ivermectin as a potential COVID-19 treatment from the pharmacokinetic point of view: antiviral levels are not likely attainable with known dosing regimens", "author": "G Momekov", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "469", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment", "key": "ref10", "volume": "34", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/cpt.1889", "article-title": "The Approved Dose of Ivermectin Alone is not the Ideal Dose for the Treatment of COVID-19", "author": "V D Schmith", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "762", "issue": "4", "journal-title": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "key": "ref11", "volume": "108", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100720", "author": "C Chaccour", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "The effect of early treatment with ivermectin on viral load, symptoms and humoral response in patients with non-severe COVID-19: A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled", "key": "ref12" }, { "journal-title": "Watanabe Award Ceremony, presentation by Dr. Satoshi Omura, video segment beginning at 50:00", "key": "ref13", "year": "2020" }, { "article-title": "Scheim and others, cc. Dr. Satoshi Omura, conveying this video greeting from Dr. Omura for a videoconference on ivermection for COVID-19 sponsored by Medincell", "author": "Satoshi Dr", "journal-title": "video segment beginning at 1:07. October", "key": "ref14", "volume": "18", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.009", "article-title": "Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (ICON study)", "author": "J C Rajter", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "CHEST", "key": "ref15", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.10.26.20219345", "article-title": "Controlled randomized clinical trial on using Ivermectin with Doxycycline for treating COVID-19 patients in Baghdad", "author": "H A Hashim", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Iraq. medRxiv", "key": "ref16", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-100956/v1", "article-title": "Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic", "author": "A Elgzazzar", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Research Square", "key": "ref17", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-109670/v1", "article-title": "Ivermectin as an adjunct treatment for hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients; A randomized multi-center clinical trial", "author": "M S Niaee", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Research Square", "key": "ref18", "year": "2020" }, { "author": "R Mahmud", "journal-title": "Clinical Trial of Ivermectin Plus Doxycycline for the Treatment of Confirmed Covid-19 Infection", "key": "ref19", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.09.10.20191619", "article-title": "Safety and Efficacy of the combined use of ivermectin, dexamethasone, enoxaparin and aspirin against COVID-19", "author": "H E Carvallo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "medRxiv", "key": "ref20", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979", "author": "F I Gorial", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Effectiveness of Ivermectin as add-on Therapy in COVID-19", "key": "ref21" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Management (Pilot Trial). medRxiv", "key": "ref22", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.3329/jbcps.v38i0.47512", "article-title": "A Case Series of 100 COVID-19 Positive Patients Treated with Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline", "author": "M Alam", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons", "key": "ref23", "volume": "38", "year": "2020" }, { "author": "A T Chowdhury", "journal-title": "A comparative study on Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy on COVID19 patients", "key": "ref24", "year": "2020" }, { "article-title": "Effects of Ivermectin-azithromycin-cholecalciferol combined therapy on COVID-19 infected patients: A proof of concept study", "author": "G Espitia-Hernandez", "first-page": "129", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "Biomedical Research", "key": "ref25", "volume": "31", "year": "2020" }, { "author": "W Shouman", "journal-title": "Use of Ivermectin as a Prophylactic Option in Asymptomatic Family Close Contacts with Patients of COVID-19 (NCT number: 04422561)", "key": "ref26" }, { "DOI": "10.20944/preprints202005.0020.v1", "article-title": "2019-nCoV) Deactivation via Spike Glycoprotein Shielding by Old Drugs", "author": "M Dayer", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Bioinformatic Study. Preprints.org", "key": "ref27", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.26434/chemrxiv.12630539.v1", "article-title": "A Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline Possibly Blocks the Viral Entry and Modulate the Innate Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients", "author": "D Maurya", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "ChemRxiv", "key": "ref28", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s13721-020-00263-6", "article-title": "Molecular docking suggests repurposing of brincidofovir as a potential drug targeting SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor and main protease", "author": "M A Hussien", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics", "key": "ref29", "volume": "9", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.20944/preprints202005.0439.v2", "article-title": "Comparative Docking Studies on Curcumin with COVID-19 Proteins", "author": "R Suravajhala", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Preprints.org", "key": "ref30", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-31834/v1", "article-title": "Shortlisting Phytochemicals Exhibiting Inhibitory Activity against Major Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 through Virtual Screening", "author": "S Nallusamy", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Research Square", "key": "ref31", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.21873/invivo.12134", "article-title": "Ivermectin Docks to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-binding Domain Attached to ACE2", "author": "S Lehrer", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "3023", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "In Vivo", "key": "ref32", "volume": "34", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1080/07391102.2020.1824816:1-16", "article-title": "Repurposing of the approved small molecule drugs in order to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein and human ACE2 interaction through virtual screening approaches", "author": "H Kalhor", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics", "key": "ref33", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41577-020-00480-0", "article-title": "Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19", "author": "L Dai", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Nature Reviews Immunology", "key": "ref34", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.3706347", "author": "D Scheim", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "From cold to killer: How SARS-CoV-2 evolved without hemagglutinin esterase to agglutinate, then clot blood cells in pulmonary and systemic microvasculature", "key": "ref35", "volume": "12", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.08.010", "article-title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the safety margins of cell-based biological medicinal products", "author": "J Modrof", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "122", "journal-title": "Biologicals", "key": "ref36", "volume": "68", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.05.20.20104398", "article-title": "Erythrocytes Reveal Complement Activation in Patients with COVID-19", "author": "L M Lam", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "medRxiv", "key": "ref37", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1021/acscentsci.0c00855", "article-title": "The SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein Binds Sialic Acids and Enables Rapid Detection in a Lateral Flow Point of Care Diagnostic Device", "author": "A N Baker", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "2046", "issue": "11", "journal-title": "ACS Central Science", "key": "ref38", "volume": "6", "year": "2020" }, { "journal-title": "Mazzetti informa que se retirar� hidroxicloroquina de gu�a de tratamiento covid-19. Andina, Agencia Peruana de Noticias", "key": "ref39" }, { "author": "Carillo Rojas", "journal-title": "Grupo de m�dicos recomiendan descontinuar uso no supervisado de hidroxicloroquina e ivermectina", "key": "ref40" }, { "journal-title": "Era insostenible: Minsa actualiza su gu�a de tratamiento Covid-19 y retira a hidroxicloroquina", "key": "ref41", "volume": "2020" }, { "journal-title": "Gobierno inicia Operaci�n TAYTA para proteger a la poblaci�n vulnerable ante COVID-19 en zonas de riesgo", "key": "ref42" }, { "journal-title": "Alcalde de Lima debe convocar a empresariado y gobierno para aplicar cercos familiares masivos; Lampadia", "key": "ref43" }, { "author": "A Yumbato", "journal-title": "Ivermectina: Testimonios de personas que utilizaron este medicamento en tiempo de coronavirus", "key": "ref44" }, { "author": "A Yumbato", "journal-title": "Coronavirus en Per�: Experiencia m�dica funcion� en pacientes peruanos", "key": "ref45" }, { "journal-title": "Se recuperaron: Cinco congresistas de Podemos Per� ya est�n pr�cticamente libres del COVID-19", "key": "ref46" }, { "article-title": "Ivermectina: Lo que debes saber sobre este medicamento en tiempo de coronavirus", "author": "�mpetu", "issue": "2020", "journal-title": "Pucallpa", "key": "ref47", "volume": "11" }, { "article-title": "Polic�a asegura que f�rmaco lo sac� de cuadro cr�tico de COVID-19: Youtube", "journal-title": "Polic�a asegura que f�rmaco lo sac� de cuadro cr�tico de COVID-19. Panamericana Televisi�n. 2020/05/18", "key": "ref48" }, { "article-title": "Updated 2020/05/17. Accessed 12/29/2020. 55. Santa Cruz I. Testimonio del Sub Oficial Darvin Condezo", "journal-title": "Polic�a fil�ntropo con Covid19 cuenta su testimonio y recuperaci�n gracias a f�rmaco. Herson Alc�ntara", "key": "ref49" }, { "author": "M Leon", "journal-title": "No mata al COVID-19, pero lo detiene", "key": "ref50" }, { "author": "Exitosa Noticias -Noticias Del Peru Y El Mundo", "journal-title": "COVID-19: Dr. Mass� indic� en qu� momento es m�s efectiva consumir ivermectina", "key": "ref51" }, { "journal-title": "Ivermectina: crece la demanda de f�rmaco antiparasitario para casos de covid-19. Realidad.pe | Noticias relevantes del Per� | Francisco Sagasti, Elecciones 2021, COVID-19, Reactiva Per�, Arranca Per�, Cuarentena focalizada", "key": "ref52" }, { "journal-title": "Piura: Detienen a dos personas con m�s de 200 dosis de ivermectina de contrabando; coronavirus; COVID-19; nnpp; PERU. El Comercio Per�. 2020/06/19", "key": "ref53" }, { "DOI": "10.24265/campus.2016.v20n20.08", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Porres: incautan 20,000 frascos de ivermectina y detienen a 12 personas. Andina. Agencia Peruana de Noticias. 2020/05/27", "key": "ref54" }, { "journal-title": "Peru bet on cheap COVID antibody tests", "key": "ref55" }, { "article-title": "Covid-19: segundo informe para actualizar cifra de fallecidos se conocer� esta semana. Andina. Agencia Peruana de Noticias", "author": "Minsa", "journal-title": "Peru: PM announces new COVID-19 prevalence study. Andina. Agencia Peruana de Noticias. 2020/09/26", "key": "ref56" }, { "author": "T Welsh", "journal-title": "Inequality and corruption: Why Peru is losing its COVID-19 battle. Devex", "key": "ref57", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30553-3", "author": "H S Badr", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1247", "journal-title": "Association between mobility patterns and COVID-19 transmission in the USA: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases", "key": "ref58", "volume": "20", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.10.05.20206888", "article-title": "The relative effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on early Covid-19 mortality: natural experiment in 130 countries", "author": "J Stokes", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "medRxiv", "key": "ref59", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.10.29.20222414", "article-title": "How well does societal mobility restriction help control the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from real-time evaluation", "author": "J Oh", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "medRxiv", "key": "ref60", "year": "2020" }, { "article-title": "State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States", "author": "Hjt Unwin", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Nature Communications", "key": "ref61", "volume": "11", "year": "2020" }, { "journal-title": "Worldometer Coronavirus statistics", "key": "ref62", "volume": "74", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.47395/sjvd.13.2021.2.1.04", "author": "Worldometer Coronavirus Statistics", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Accessed", "key": "ref63", "year": "2020" }, { "journal-title": "Secretar�a de Gobierno Digital Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros", "key": "ref64", "volume": "2020" }, { "journal-title": "National Death Information System (SINADEF). cloud.minsa.gob.pe/s/NctBnHXDnocgWAg/download", "key": "ref65", "volume": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1787/888933415882", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Datos Abiertos de COVID", "key": "ref66" }, { "journal-title": "Secretar�a de Gobierno Digital Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros", "key": "ref67", "volume": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1787/04440101-en", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "JHS COVID-19 Map. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center", "key": "ref68" }, { "article-title": "Moquegua: llegan otros 45 m�dicos desde Lima para reforzar lucha contra el coronavirus", "author": "Editora Epdsesa", "journal-title": "Covid-19: a m�s de 22,000 personas atendi� Operaci�n Tayta-Yo Me Apunto en Cajamarca. Andina, Agencia Peruana de Noticias. 2020/08/02", "key": "ref69" }, { "journal-title": "Equipo del Ministerio de Salud realiza Operaci�n Tayta y brinda asistencia t�cnica en Moquegua", "key": "ref70" }, { "author": "C Llantoy", "journal-title": "Mediante empadronamiento ejecutado por 60 brigadistas de la mph y \"amachay", "key": "ref71" }, { "article-title": "Puno: Desde ma�ana implementar�n la operaci�n Tayta liderado por el Ej�rcito peruano. Radio Onda Azul", "journal-title": "Operaci�n Tayta permite fortalecer la atenci�n primaria de casos de COVID-19", "key": "ref72" }, { "journal-title": "Operaci�n tayta lleg� a hu�nuco para fortalecer lucha contra COVID-19. Gobierno Regional de Hu�nuco", "key": "ref73" }, { "article-title": "A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)", "author": "J Chen", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "J Zhejiang Univ (Med Sci)", "key": "ref74", "volume": "49", "year": "2020" }, { "journal-title": "Gobierno entrega a Huancavelica m�s de 17 000 unidades de EPP y medicamentos para luchar contra el Covid-19. Ministerio de la Producci�n", "key": "ref75" }, { "journal-title": "Inician plan mega tayta 2020 en ayacucho para diagnosticar, tratar, aislar y asistir con alimentos a los casos positivos", "key": "ref76" }, { "journal-title": "Covid-19: inici� operaci�n Tayta con aplicaci�n de 3,000 pruebas de descarte", "key": "ref77" }, { "journal-title": "Jun�n: gobierno regional elabora ivermectina para tratamiento temprano de covid-19. Andina, Agencia Peruana de Noticias", "key": "ref78" }, { "journal-title": "Hospital Unanue mantiene producci�n regular de ivermectina. Gobierno Regional de Tacna", "key": "ref79" }, { "journal-title": "M�s de 500 adultos mayores son atendidos por el Mimp durante Operaci�n Tayta en Pasco", "key": "ref80" }, { "journal-title": "Provincial de Pasco", "key": "ref81" }, { "journal-title": "Provincial de Pasco", "key": "ref82" }, { "author": "Covid Google", "journal-title": "Community Mobility Reports", "key": "ref83" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.09.14.296814", "article-title": "Phylogenomics reveals multiple introductions and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 into Peru", "author": "E Juscamayta-L�pez", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "bioRxiv", "key": "ref84", "year": "2020" }, { "journal-title": "Covid-19: seroprevalencia en la ciudad de Iquitos es de 75 por ciento. Andina. Agencia Peruana de Noticias", "key": "ref85" }, { "article-title": "Global Human Settlement, Urban centres database 2018 visualisation; Urban Centre Database UCDB R2019A. 2020/11", "journal-title": "Instituto Nacional de Estad�stica e Inform�tica (INEI), Censos Nacionales", "key": "ref86", "volume": "30", "year": "2017" }, { "author": "P Fonseca", "journal-title": "Exclusive: Study suggests dengue may provide some immunity against COVID-19. Reuters", "key": "ref87", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.4067/s0716-10182013000300004", "author": "Salud Ministerio De", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "ref88" }, { "DOI": "10.17843/rpmesp.2015.321.1587", "article-title": "Dengue en el Per�: a un cuarto de siglo de su reemergencia", "author": "C Cabezas", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "146", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica", "key": "ref89", "volume": "32", "year": "2015" }, { "DOI": "10.1787/4752b583-es", "author": "C Luna", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Repartir�n 10 mil kits con Ivermectina para combatir Covid-19 en Tuxtla. El Sie7e de Chiapas. 2020/07/03", "key": "ref90" }, { "DOI": "10.1126/science.abf5084", "article-title": "COVID-19 vaccine trial ethics once we have efficacious vaccines", "author": "D Wendler", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1277", "issue": "6522", "journal-title": "Science", "key": "ref91", "volume": "370", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/nejmoa2034577", "article-title": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine", "author": "F P Polack", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "ref92", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/nejmoa2034577", "article-title": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine (study protocol)", "author": "F P Polack", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "191", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "ref93", "year": "2020" }, { "journal-title": "The authors are indebted for this analysis to Dr. Peter McCullough, who communicated these observations in an email of December 14", "key": "ref94", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1177/009127002401382731", "article-title": "Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating high doses of ivermectin in healthy adult subjects", "author": "C A Guzzo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1122", "issue": "10", "journal-title": "J Clin Pharmacol", "key": "ref95", "volume": "42", "year": "2002" }, { "DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.3714649", "author": "A Krolewiecki", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Antiviral effect of high-dose ivermectin in adults with COVID-19: a pilot randomised, controlled, open label, multicentre trial", "key": "ref96", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.3636557", "author": "D Scheim", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Ivermectin for COVID-19 treatment: clinical response at quasi-threshold doses via hypothesized alleviation of CD147-mediated vascular occlusion", "key": "ref97", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/9781118156391.ebcp001003", "article-title": "Professional issues and evidence-based practice: The quality problem in behavioral health care", "author": "W T O'donohue", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "51", "journal-title": "Child and adolescent disorders", "key": "ref98", "volume": "1", "year": "2005" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/chin.200642258", "author": "B Marshall", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "Helicobacter Connections", "key": "ref99" }, { "author": "Nobel Prize Lecture", "key": "ref100", "year": "2005" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90929-4", "article-title": "Prospective double-blind trial of duodenal ulcer relapse after eradication of Campylobacter pylori", "author": "B J Marshall", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1437", "journal-title": "Lancet", "key": "ref101", "volume": "2", "year": "1988" }, { "DOI": "10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb136833.x", "article-title": "Cure of duodenal ulcer after eradication of Helicobacter pylori", "author": "L L George", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "145", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "Med J Aust", "key": "ref102", "volume": "153", "year": "1990" }, { "author": "A Corsig", "first-page": "242", "journal-title": "Glaxo Holdings PLC: Zantac. In: Thomas R, ed. New Product Success Stories", "key": "ref103", "year": "1995" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/archinte.1997.00440340131013", "article-title": "Time trends of physician visits and treatment patterns of peptic ulcer disease in the United States", "author": "S Munnangi", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1489", "issue": "13", "journal-title": "Arch Intern Med", "key": "ref104", "volume": "157", "year": "1997" }, { "journal-title": "Australian GPs urged to prescribe ivermectin triple therapy to fight COVID-19. Thepharmaletter", "key": "ref105", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/myc.12599", "article-title": "A re-appraisal of the conventional history of antibiosis and Penicillin", "author": "S N Arseculeratne", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "343", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "Mycoses", "key": "ref106", "volume": "60", "year": "2017" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/s0065-2164(01)49013-7", "article-title": "Alexander Fleming and the discovery of penicillin", "author": "J W Bennett", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "163", "journal-title": "Advances in Applied Microbiology", "key": "ref107", "volume": "49", "year": "2001" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/s0140-6736(00)41962-8", "article-title": "General and local administration of penicillin", "author": "M E Florey", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "387", "issue": "6239", "journal-title": "The Lancet", "key": "ref108", "volume": "241", "year": "1943" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.1943.02840510001001", "article-title": "Penicillin therapy of surgical infections in the US Army: A report", "author": "C Lyons", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1007", "issue": "16", "journal-title": "Journal of the American Medical Association", "key": "ref109", "volume": "123", "year": "1943" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.1943.02840350001001", "article-title": "Penicillin in the treatment of infections; 500 cases", "author": "C S Keefer", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1217", "issue": "18", "journal-title": "Journal of the American Medical Association", "key": "ref110", "volume": "122", "year": "1943" }, { "DOI": "10.1053/j.spid.2004.02.001", "article-title": "Penicillin: its discovery and early development", "author": "B L Ligon", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "52", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases", "key": "ref111", "volume": "15", "year": "2004" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00045-1", "article-title": "Antibiotics, invention and innovation", "author": "W Kingston", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "679", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "Research Policy", "key": "ref112", "volume": "29", "year": "2000" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/201441a0", "article-title": "Production of Penicillin in the United States (1941-1946)", "author": "A N Richards", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "441", "issue": "4918", "journal-title": "Nature", "key": "ref113", "volume": "201", "year": "1964" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2021.01.18.426984", "article-title": "Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 pseudovirus by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera", "author": "A Muik", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "bioRxiv", "key": "ref114", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2021.01.18.427166", "article-title": "SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma", "author": "C K Wibmer", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "bioRxiv", "key": "ref115", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.12.31.425021", "article-title": "Comprehensive mapping of mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human serum antibodies", "author": "A J Greaney", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "journal-title": "bioRxiv", "key": "ref116", "year": "2021" }, { "author": "K Wu", "journal-title": "mRNA-1273 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against spike mutants from global SARS-CoV-2 variants", "key": "ref117" }, { "DOI": "10.7554/eLife.61312", "article-title": "Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants", "author": "Y Weisblum", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "journal-title": "eLife", "key": "ref118", "volume": "9", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.007", "article-title": "Complete Mapping of Mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike ReceptorBinding Domain that Escape Antibody Recognition", "author": "A J Greaney", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "44", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Cell Host & Microbe", "key": "ref119", "volume": "29", "year": "2021" } ], "reference-count": 119, "references-count": 119, "relation": {}, "resource": { "primary": { "URL": "https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3765018" } }, "score": 1, "short-title": [], "source": "Crossref", "subject": [], "subtitle": [], "title": "Sharp Reductions in COVID-19 Case Fatalities and Excess Deaths in Peru in Close Time Conjunction, State-By-State, with Ivermectin Treatments", "type": "journal-article" }