Molnupiravir for Intra-Household Prevention of COVID-19: the MOVe-AHEAD Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

{ 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016', 'ISSN': ['0163-4453'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016', 'alternative-id': ['S0163445323005005'], 'assertion': [ {'label': 'This article is maintained by', 'name': 'publisher', 'value': 'Elsevier'}, { 'label': 'Article Title', 'name': 'articletitle', 'value': 'Molnupiravir for intra-household prevention of COVID-19: The MOVe-AHEAD ' 'randomized, placebo-controlled trial'}, {'label': 'Journal Title', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'value': 'Journal of Infection'}, { 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version', 'name': 'articlelink', 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016'}, {'label': 'Content Type', 'name': 'content_type', 'value': 'article'}, { 'label': 'Copyright', 'name': 'copyright', 'value': '© 2023 Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, ' 'USA and The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British ' 'Infection Association.'}], 'author': [ {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Alpizar', 'given': 'Sady A.', 'sequence': 'first'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Accini', 'given': 'Jose', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Anderson', 'given': 'Duane C.', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Eysa', 'given': 'Basem', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-9475', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Medina-Piñón', 'given': 'Isaí', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Ohmagari', 'given': 'Norio', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Ostrovskyy', 'given': 'Mykola M.', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Aggrey-Amable', 'given': 'Angela', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Beck', 'given': 'Karen', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-6546', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Byrne', 'given': 'Dana', 'sequence': 'additional'}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6755-4058', 'affiliation': [], 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'family': 'Grayson', 'given': 'Staci', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Hwang', 'given': 'Peggy M.T.', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Lonchar', 'given': 'Julia D.', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Strizki', 'given': 'Julie', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Xu', 'given': 'Yayun', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Paschke', 'given': 'Amanda', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'De Anda', 'given': 'Carisa S.', 'sequence': 'additional'}, {'affiliation': [], 'family': 'Sears', 'given': 'Pamela S.', 'sequence': 'additional'}], 'container-title': 'Journal of Infection', 'container-title-short': 'Journal of Infection', 'content-domain': { 'crossmark-restriction': True, 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'clinicalkey.com', 'journalofinfection.com', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com']}, 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 9]], 'date-time': '2023-09-09T22:16:31Z', 'timestamp': 1694297791000}, 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 19]], 'date-time': '2023-10-19T23:06:49Z', 'timestamp': 1697756809000}, 'funder': [{'DOI': '10.13039/100009947', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'name': 'Merck Sharp and Dohme'}], 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 2]], 'date-time': '2024-04-02T10:54:22Z', 'timestamp': 1712055262731}, 'is-referenced-by-count': 2, 'issue': '5', 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11]]}, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '5', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11]]}}, 'language': 'en', 'license': [ { 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/', 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 1]], 'date-time': '2023-11-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1698796800000}}, { 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/', 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-09-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1694995200000}}], 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0163445323005005?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0163445323005005?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'member': '78', 'original-title': [], 'page': '392-402', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11]]}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11]]}, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib1', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard (Updated ' 'September 05, 2023). World Health Organization (WHO); 2023. Available ' 'at: https://covid19.who.int. [Accessed on September 12, 2023].'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004', 'article-title': 'Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general ' 'population (COMET-G) study', 'author': 'Fountoulakis', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '21', 'journal-title': 'Eur Neuropsychopharmacol', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib2', 'volume': '54', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2022.18931', 'article-title': 'Estimated global proportions of individuals with persistent fatigue, ' 'cognitive, and respiratory symptom clusters following symptomatic ' 'COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021', 'author': 'Wulf Hanson', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1604', 'issue': '16', 'journal-title': 'JAMA', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib3', 'volume': '328', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3', 'article-title': 'Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic ' 'analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020-21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1513', 'issue': '10334', 'journal-title': 'Lancet', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib4', 'volume': '399', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7', 'article-title': 'Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 ' 'countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1700', 'issue': '10312', 'journal-title': 'Lancet', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib5', 'volume': '398', 'year': '2021'}, { 'DOI': '10.3389/fpubh.2023.1112383', 'article-title': 'Post-acute COVID-19 symptom risk in hospitalized and non-hospitalized ' 'COVID-19 survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis', 'author': 'Yuan', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'journal-title': 'Front Public Health', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib6', 'volume': '11', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019', 'article-title': 'Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of ' 'symptoms and their impact', 'author': 'Davis', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'journal-title': 'EClinicalMedicine', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib7', 'volume': '38', 'year': '2021'}, { 'DOI': '10.7326/M22-0729', 'article-title': 'Effect of molnupiravir on biomarkers, respiratory interventions, and ' 'medical services in COVID-19: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial', 'author': 'Johnson', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1126', 'issue': '8', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib8', 'volume': '175', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1007/s40273-022-01168-0', 'article-title': 'Cost-effectiveness analysis of molnupiravir versus best supportive care ' 'for the treatment of outpatient COVID-19 in adults in the US', 'author': 'Goswami', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '699', 'issue': '7', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacoeconomics', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib9', 'volume': '40', 'year': '2022'}, { 'author': 'Aleem', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib10', 'series-title': 'Emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 and novel therapeutics against ' 'coronavirus (COVID-19)', 'year': '2023'}, { 'author': 'Cascella', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib11', 'series-title': 'Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19)', 'year': '2022'}, { 'article-title': 'The challenge of asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19: a rapid review of ' 'literature', 'author': 'Albavera-Hernandez', 'first-page': '649', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Rev Salud Publica', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib12', 'volume': '22', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.025', 'article-title': 'Impact of public health and social measures on contact dynamics during ' 'a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant outbreak in Quanzhou, China, March to ' 'April 2022', 'author': 'Guo', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '46', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib13', 'volume': '131', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001718', 'article-title': 'Systematic review of outbreaks of COVID-19 within households in the ' 'European region when the child is the index case', 'author': 'Vardavas', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'journal-title': 'BMJ Paediatr Open', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib14', 'volume': '7', 'year': '2023'}, { 'article-title': 'Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave in ' 'Shanghai, China: a case-ascertained study', 'author': 'Wei', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Influenza Other Respir Virus', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib15', 'volume': '17', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cmi.2021.10.015', 'article-title': 'Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 ' '(SARS-CoV-2) from pre and asymptomatic infected individuals: a ' 'systematic review', 'author': 'Jefferson', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '178', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Clin Microbiol Infect', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib16', 'volume': '28', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.027', 'article-title': 'Viral dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant among household ' 'contacts with 2 or 3 COVID-19 vaccine doses', 'author': 'Kandel', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '666', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'J Infect', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib17', 'volume': '85', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1111/irv.13002', 'article-title': 'Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in standardised first few X cases and ' 'household transmission investigations: a systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis', 'author': 'Lewis', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '803', 'issue': '5', 'journal-title': 'Influenza Other Respir Virus', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib18', 'volume': '16', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciad074', 'article-title': 'Infection-induced immunity is associated with protection against ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased infectivity', 'author': 'Frutos', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2126', 'issue': '12', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib19', 'volume': '76', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/ofid/ofac676', 'article-title': 'Association between population-level factors and household secondary ' 'attack rate of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis', 'author': 'Wang', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'ofac676', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Open Forum Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib20', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-022-31441-x', 'article-title': 'Revisiting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy around the world using data from ' '23 countries in 2021', 'author': 'Lazarus', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3801', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib21', 'volume': '13', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00306-8', 'article-title': 'Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, ' 'affordability, allocation, and deployment', 'author': 'Wouters', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1023', 'issue': '10278', 'journal-title': 'Lancet', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib22', 'volume': '397', 'year': '2021'}, { 'DOI': '10.3389/fpubh.2023.1078009', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents in Low- and Middle-Income ' 'Countries: a meta-analysis', 'author': 'Abu El Kheir-Mataria', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1078009', 'journal-title': 'Front Public Health', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib23', 'volume': '11', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00152-0', 'article-title': 'Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and ' 'COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression', 'author': 'Feikin', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '924', 'issue': '10328', 'journal-title': 'Lancet', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib24', 'volume': '399', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.01.007', 'article-title': 'Signals of significantly increased vaccine breakthrough, decreased ' 'hospitalization rates, and less severe disease in patients with ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the Omicron variant of Severe Acute ' 'Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Houston, Texas', 'author': 'Christensen', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '642', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'Am J Pathol', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib25', 'volume': '192', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.27871', 'article-title': 'Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 breakthrough infections: a ' 'systematic review and meta-analysis', 'author': 'Lee', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4234', 'issue': '9', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib26', 'volume': '94', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1017/S0950268823000249', 'article-title': 'Characteristics of patients with SARS-COV-2 PCR re-positivity after ' 'recovering from COVID-19', 'author': 'Hu', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'journal-title': 'Epidemiol Infect', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib27', 'volume': '151', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph20043335', 'article-title': 'Severity and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection compared with primary ' 'infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis', 'author': 'Deng', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4', 'journal-title': 'Int J Environ Res Public Health', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib28', 'volume': '20', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-022-00753-2', 'article-title': 'Durability of vaccine-induced and natural immunity against COVID-19: a ' 'narrative review', 'author': 'Pooley', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '367', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Infect Dis Ther', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib29', 'volume': '12', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1086/381128', 'article-title': 'Management of influenza in households: a prospective, randomized ' 'comparison of oseltamivir treatment with or without postexposure ' 'prophylaxis', 'author': 'Hayden', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '440', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib30', 'volume': '189', 'year': '2004'}, { 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa1915341', 'article-title': 'Baloxavir marboxil for prophylaxis against influenza in household ' 'contacts', 'author': 'Ikematsu', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '309', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib31', 'volume': '383', 'year': '2020'}, { 'article-title': 'Pre-exposure prophylaxis for viral infections other than HIV', 'author': 'Soriano', 'first-page': '362', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Infez Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib32', 'volume': '30', 'year': '2022'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib33', 'unstructured': 'United States Food and Drug Administration. FDA authorizes bamlanivimab ' 'and etesevimab monoclonal antibody therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis ' '(prevention) for COVID-19. U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA); 2021 ' '(updated September 16, 2021). Available at: ' 'https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-authorizes-bamlanivimab-and-etesevimab-monoclonal-antibody-therapy-post-exposure-prophylaxis. ' '[Accessed on: September 13, 2023].'}, { 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2109682', 'article-title': 'Subcutaneous REGEN-COV antibody combination to prevent Covid-19', 'author': "O'Brien", 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1184', 'issue': '13', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib34', 'volume': '385', 'year': '2021'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib35', 'unstructured': 'National Institues of Health. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ' 'treatment guidelines (Updated August 22, 2023). National Institues of ' 'Health (NIH); 2023. Available at ' 'https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov. [Accessed on: September ' '13, 2023].'}, { 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.02428-20', 'article-title': 'Human safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of molnupiravir, a ' 'novel broad-spectrum oral antiviral agent with activity against ' 'SARS-CoV-2', 'author': 'Painter', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '5', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib36', 'volume': '65', 'year': '2021'}, { 'DOI': '10.1126/scitranslmed.abb5883', 'article-title': 'An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in ' 'human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in ' 'mice', 'author': 'Sheahan', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '541', 'journal-title': 'Sci Transl Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib37', 'volume': '12', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-021-03312-w', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 infection is effectively treated and prevented by EIDD-2801', 'author': 'Wahl', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '451', 'journal-title': 'Nature', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib38', 'volume': '591', 'year': '2021'}, { 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.00766-18', 'article-title': 'Orally efficacious broad-spectrum ribonucleoside analog inhibitor of ' 'influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses', 'author': 'Yoon', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '8', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib39', 'volume': '62', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2116044', 'article-title': 'Molnupiravir for oral treatment of COVID-19 in nonhospitalized patients', 'author': 'Jayk Bernal', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '509', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib40', 'volume': '386', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1172/jci.insight.160108', 'article-title': 'Molnupiravir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron in the ' 'hamster model', 'author': 'Rosenke', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '13', 'journal-title': 'JCI Insight', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib41', 'volume': '7', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiab361', 'article-title': 'Molnupiravir inhibits the replication of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 ' 'variants of concern (VoCs) in a hamster infection model', 'author': 'Abdelnabi', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '749', 'issue': '5', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib42', 'volume': '224', 'year': '2021'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-022-32045-1', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 VOC type and biological sex affect molnupiravir efficacy in ' 'severe COVID-19 dwarf hamster model', 'author': 'Lieber', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4416', 'issue': '1', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib43', 'volume': '13', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMc2119407', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of antibodies and antiviral drugs against Covid-19 Omicron ' 'variant', 'author': 'Takashita', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '995', 'issue': '10', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib44', 'volume': '386', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.01348-19', 'article-title': 'Small-molecule antiviral beta-d-N (4)-hydroxycytidine inhibits a ' 'proofreading-intact coronavirus with a high genetic barrier to ' 'resistance', 'author': 'Agostini', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '24', 'journal-title': 'J Virol', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib45', 'volume': '93', 'year': '2019'}, { 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.01965-17', 'article-title': 'β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine is a potent anti-alphavirus compound that ' 'induces a high level of mutations in the viral genome', 'author': 'Urakova', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'J Virol', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib46', 'volume': '92', 'year': '2018'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02597-1', 'article-title': 'Molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment ' 'for adults with COVID-19 at increased risk of adverse outcomes ' '(PANORAMIC): an open-label, platform-adaptive randomised controlled ' 'trial', 'author': 'Butler', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '281', 'issue': '10373', 'journal-title': 'Lancet', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib47', 'volume': '401', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.012', 'article-title': 'Real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, and ' 'sotrovimab on preventing hospital admission among higher-risk patients ' 'with COVID-19 in Wales: A retrospective cohort study', 'author': 'Evans', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '352', 'issue': '4', 'journal-title': 'J Infect', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib48', 'volume': '86', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/s41596-021-00536-y', 'article-title': 'Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody by wild-type plaque ' 'reduction neutralization, microneutralization and pseudotyped virus ' 'neutralization assays', 'author': 'Bewley', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3114', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Nat Protoc', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib49', 'volume': '16', 'year': '2021'}, { 'DOI': '10.1259/0007-1285-44-526-793', 'article-title': 'Repeated assessment of results in clinical trials of cancer treatment', 'author': 'Haybittle', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '793', 'issue': '526', 'journal-title': 'Br J Radio', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib50', 'volume': '44', 'year': '1971'}, { 'DOI': '10.1038/bjc.1976.220', 'article-title': 'Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged ' 'observation of each patient. I. Introduction and design', 'author': 'Peto', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '585', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'Br J Cancer', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib51', 'volume': '34', 'year': '1976'}, { 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa1558', 'article-title': 'The household secondary attack rate of Severe Acute Respiratory ' 'Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a rapid review', 'author': 'Fung', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S138', 'issue': 'Suppl.2', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib52', 'volume': '73', 'year': '2021'}, { 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0240205', 'article-title': 'What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate and associated risk factors', 'author': 'Koh', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '10', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib53', 'volume': '15', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31756', 'article-title': 'Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis', 'author': 'Madewell', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '12', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Netw Open', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib54', 'volume': '3', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.7326/M20-2671', 'article-title': 'Contact settings and risk for transmission in 3410 close contacts of ' 'patients With COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China: a Prospective Cohort Study', 'author': 'Luo', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '879', 'issue': '11', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib55', 'volume': '173', 'year': '2020'}, { 'DOI': '10.1128/mbio.02916-22', 'article-title': 'Why molnupiravir fails in hospitalized patients', 'author': 'Brown', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'issue': '6', 'journal-title': 'mBio', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib56', 'volume': '13', 'year': '2022'}, { 'DOI': '10.1016/j.resinv.2023.01.002', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 symptom-onset to diagnosis and diagnosis to treatment ' 'intervals are significant predictors of disease progression and ' 'hospitalization in high-risk patients: a real world analysis', 'author': 'Shimizu', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '220', 'issue': '2', 'journal-title': 'Respir Invest', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib57', 'volume': '61', 'year': '2023'}, { 'article-title': 'Molnupiravir and risk of post-acute sequelae of Covid-19: cohort study', 'author': 'Xie', 'journal-title': 'BMJ', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib58', 'volume': '381', 'year': '2023'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib59', 'unstructured': 'Pfizer, Inc. FDA Briefing Document. NDA# 217188. Drug name: nirmatrelvir ' 'tablets and ritonavir tablets copackaged for oral use. Pfizer, Inc.; ' 'March 16, 2023.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib60', 'unstructured': 'Pfizer, Inc. PAXLOVID (nirmaltrevir [PF-07321332] tablets; ritonavir ' 'tablets). NDA 217188. Advisory committee briefing materials. Pfizer, ' 'Inc.; March 16, 2023.'}, { 'DOI': '10.1126/scitranslmed.abl7430', 'article-title': 'A phase 2a clinical trial of molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19 ' 'shows accelerated SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance and elimination of ' 'infectious virus', 'author': 'Fischer', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'eabl7430', 'issue': '628', 'journal-title': 'Sci Transl Med', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib61', 'volume': '14', 'year': '2022'}, { 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 viral load and shedding kinetics', 'author': 'Puhach', 'first-page': '147', 'issue': '3', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Microbiol', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib62', 'volume': '21', 'year': '2023'}, { 'DOI': '10.1086/345722', 'article-title': 'Zanamivir prophylaxis: an effective strategy for the prevention of ' 'influenza types A and B within households', 'author': 'Monto', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1582', 'issue': '11', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis', 'key': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.016_bib63', 'volume': '186', 'year': '2002'}], 'reference-count': 63, 'references-count': 63, 'relation': {}, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0163445323005005'}}, 'score': 1, 'short-title': [], 'source': 'Crossref', 'subject': ['Infectious Diseases', 'Microbiology (medical)'], 'subtitle': [], 'title': 'Molnupiravir for intra-household prevention of COVID-19: The MOVe-AHEAD randomized, ' 'placebo-controlled trial', 'type': 'journal-article', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'volume': '87'}