Ivermectin inhibits importin-α/β-dependent nuclear import of viral proteins
70,72,73,79, shows spike-ACE2 disruption at 1nM with microfluidic diffusional sizing
37, binds to glycan sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein preventing interaction with blood and epithelial cells and inhibiting hemagglutination
40,80, shows dose-dependent inhibition of wildtype and omicron variants
35, exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of lung injury
60,65, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 via IMPase inhibition
36, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 induced formation of fibrin clots resistant to degradation
9, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CL
pro53, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RdRp activity
28, may minimize viral myocarditis by inhibiting NF-κB/p65-mediated inflammation in macrophages
59, may be beneficial for COVID-19 ARDS by blocking GSDMD and NET formation
81, may interfere with SARS-CoV-2's immune evasion via ORF8 binding
4, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 by disrupting CD147 interaction
82-85, shows protection against inflammation, cytokine storm, and mortality in an LPS mouse model sharing key pathological features of severe COVID-19
58,86, may be beneficial in severe COVID-19 by binding IGF1 to inhibit the promotion of inflammation, fibrosis, and cell proliferation that leads to lung damage
8, may minimize SARS-CoV-2 induced cardiac damage
39,47, may disrupt SARS-CoV-2 N and ORF6 protein nuclear transport and their suppression of host interferon responses
1, increases Bifidobacteria which play a key role in the immune system
87, has immunomodulatory
50 and anti-inflammatory
69,88 properties, and has an extensive and very positive safety profile
89.
